Journal Article

nonlinear planning; green water footprint; water resources; white water footprint; bluewater footprint; saffron

IntroductionManagement of water consumption in arid and semi-arid regions in recent years has been considered a key issue in the field of water resources management. Zirkoh and Ghaenat counties are the hot spots of water consumption in the region. Water footprint and virtual water are critical indicators for water resources management. Therefore, the development of the cropping pattern with hi ...

Journal Article

transportation model; virtual water trade network; water footprint; wheat; barley; maize; province

Introduction: freshwater resources which are essential for human life, sustainable livelihood, food security and conservation of ecosystem appear to be under increasing pressure from population growth, socio-economic development and climate changes. The largest consumer of water is agricultural sector. Hence improving productivity in agricultural sector and reducing agricultural water use hold ...

Journal Article

productivity; optimum use; water resources; measure; livestock; agriculture

Under water scarcity conditions livestock production, because of its high content virtual water, has been one of the challenging issues in the scientific literature in this regard.A few scientific references believe that forage crops production, because of their high water requirements, make pressure on water resources of scarce-water countries.Other references are on this idea that there is t ...

Journal Article

nitrate; coliform; quality degradation; wastewater; quality classification; east-azerbaijan

Introduction: The water is the major key in sustainable development, so it is necessary to be managed and conserved. The quality of surface water resources is mainly controlled by natural or geogenic factors including chemistry of recharge water, soil and geology processes, as well as the man-made contaminant. Qualitative indicators are used as effective managing tools in decision making progr ...

Journal Article

decision-making; dpsir; socio-economic; water use; criteria; iwrm

The scientific community strongly recommends the adoption of indicators for the evaluation and monitoring of progress towards sustainable development. Furthermore, international organizations consider that indicators are powerful decision-making tools. Nevertheless, the quality and reliability of the indicators depends on the application of adequate and appropriate criteria to assess them. The ...

Journal Article

water; water allocation; productivity; mena region; water consumption; agriculture; policy

MENA region includes the heterogeneous group of countries with a range of high-income oil-exporting countries in the Persian Gulf to middle-income and lower-middle-income countries as well as least developed countries. It is regarded as one of the world's largest net food importers which faces significant uncertainties from supply and demand. According to the World Economic Forum, the water cr ...

Journal Article

gis; drought in urban areas; determination of drainage network efficiency; urban water resources management; autodesk storm and sanitary analysis soft wares; urban flood; urban green space development

One of the main problems in industrial and urban areas is the runoff caused by rainfall and consequently the flood formation in these areas. Two important things in this regard are: i) rainfalls form urban floods, considering the recent droughts, this could be the main water resources for green spaces in urban areas, ii) the major amount of rainfalls become to flood due to the lack of synchron ...

Journal Article

mitigation; water shortage; coping; water scarcity; basic concepts; adaptation

Article Type: Conceptual Adaptation to water scarcity is a topic that has received more attention recently by the Ministry of Energy as well as water experts. Providing appropriate solutions and long-term and efficient plans for this issue requires discussion and consensus on the subject. One of the issues that causes consensus to fail in various scientific disciplines is misunderstanding of c ...

Journal Article

enterobacter sp; paddy yield; yield components; sulfate potassium fertilizer; regression analysis; rice

Introduction Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is one of the most important tropical cereals which is a staple food for about 50% of population around the world, including Iran. The annual grain production of rice in Iran was 2.5 million tones which provided from an area of 0.59 million ha-1. Estimates indicate that rice yield should be enhanced about 65% in the world by the year 2020, especially in deve ...

Journal Article

gwp; electricity; alfalfa; anfis; lca; bukan township; modeling

Introduction Agricultural productions has been identified as a major contributor to atmospheric greenhouse gases (GHG) on a global scale with about 14% of global net CO2 emissions coming from agriculture. Identification and assessment of environmental impact in the production system will be leading to achieve the goals of sustainable development, which would be achieved by life cycle assessmen ...