Bare-root 1-year-old green ash (Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh.) seedlings were transplanted into root observation boxes under greenhouse conditions to study timing of budbreak, root regeneration, and subsequent shoot growth during establishment. Green ash seedlings began shoot growth before root growth. Seven to 20 days after transplant, intact second- and third-order lateral roots (referred to here after as intact roots) began to elongate, followed 10 to 19 days later by initiation of long roots from callus at pruned root surfaces. Plants with earlier budbreak were larger and regenerated more roots faster than plants that broke bud later. During establishment, there was a strong correlation between shoot and intact root elongation and a low correlation between shoot and long root elongation. Root pruning after establishment resulted in bud set and/or cessation of shoot elongation within 3 to 6 days in 1985 and within 20 to 28 days in 1986. The days to bud set and cessation of shoot elongation were positively correlated with increased numbers of regenerated roots from pruned surfaces (long roots). Only long root elongation was significantly correlated with shoot growth after root pruning. Root pruning also induced reductions (12 days) in net photosynthesis, transpiration, and stomatal conductance, and increased stomatal resistance to water loss; however, all recovered after root regeneration