Article de revue
Effect of basin, furrow and raingun sprinkler irrigation systems on irrigation efficiencies, nitrate-nitrogen leaching and yield of sunflower [2006]
Rana, M.A. (Bahauddin Zakariya Univ., Multan (Pakistan). Agricultural Engineering Dept.); Arshad, M. (University of Agriculture, Faisalabad (Pakistan). Dept. of Irrigation and Drainage); Masud, J. (University of Agriculture, Faisalabad (Pakistan). Dept. of Irrigation and Drainage);
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A field study was conducted on sunflower by using different irrigation techniques, such as basin, furrow and raingun sprinkler systems at Post- Graduate Agricultural Research Station (PARS), University of Agriculture, Faisalabad during 1998-2002. The comparison of irrigation efficiencies, nitrate leaching and the yield of sunflower was noted. Both the efficiencies i.e., water application and water use efficiency, were maximum in case of raingun sprinkler irrigation system as compared to basin and furrow irrigation system. Use of raingun sprinkler irrigation during early crop season helped in saving water when the soil infiltration rate was very high and need of water in the rootzone was less. Using raingun sprinkler irrigation system, 30.8% and 28.3% higher water use efficiency and 21.1% and 9.0% more water application efficiency was achieved as compared to basin and furrow irrigation system, respectively. It was observed that nitrate-nitrogen
leaching was low with 50 mm depth of irrigation by raingun sprinkler irrigation as compared to 75 mm depth of irrigation by basin and furrow irrigation system. Furthermore, sufficient amount of nitrate-nitrogen was available in the upper layer of soil under raingun as compared to basin and furrow irrigation in which more amount of nitrate-nitrogen leached down. About 5.64% and 1.71% more yield was obtained in raingun sprinkler irrigation system as compared to basin and furrow irrigation systems, respectively. Theref
ore, it was concluded that raingun sprinkler irrigation system is the most feasible system in barani areas.
