Alternate bearing of fruit trees is still a serious problem in the cultivation of numerous fruit tree species. In this review the progress in the study of alternate bearing during the past two decades is highlighted and regulatory mechanisms involver are discussed. From an evolutionary stand point, alternate bearing appears related to the masting phenomenon which is widespread among forest trees. In conclusion, regular fruiting probably evolved as a result of human selection and horticultural practices. The domestication of fruit trees and their cultivation eliminated post natural stresses (drought, pests, etc.) which, for sure, resulted in irregular bearing. In a broader evolutionary sense, alternate bearing should perhaps be understood as a phenomenon of homeostasis. The alternating, homeostatic behaviour of trees secures their survival as a long living fruiting organism