These are the proceedings of a workshop held in Dodoma Tanzania on 17th -23rd November, 1996. The workshop focused on the following areas: local natural resources management, integrating gender considerations in afforestation projects, participatory land use, introducing integrated projects in rural areas, managing traditional irrigation systems, de-stocking and conflict in pastoral areas, farming systems, urban pollution, and wildlife management. Five major organizations played a major role in ensuring that the workshop was held and the proceedings were produced, namely: the Dodoma Environmental Network (DONET), the Forest Action Network (FAN), the Forests, Trees and People Programme (FTTP), the Humanistic Institute for Development Co-operation (HIVOS), and the Interchurch Organization for Development Co-operation (ICCO).