The No-Till (zero), Mini-Till (shallow tillage) and deep soil cultivation technologies used in field crops growing in crop rotation (spring wheat-barley-chick pea-sunflower-rapeseed) on southern chernozems, under the conditions of Orenburg Preduralye, have been considered in a comparative aspect. The field experiment conducted in 2012 showed that when shallow (Mini-till) and deep soil loosening are used the amount of moisture accumulated in soil in the cold year season is by 240 and 440 sq. m more than when using the No-Till method. However, the moisture reserves accumulated in soil and summer rainfalls are being utilized more effectively by the field crops with the No-Till method, and worst of all with the deep soil loosening. In the latter case the loss of moisture occurs mainly in the upper soil layers, which leads to soil cracking along the cultivator stand trace and to still greater loss of moisture. The straw mulching of the field soil saves it from cracking and greatly reduces moisture loss. It was also found that under the influence of straw mulch and sunflower tap root soil decompression occurs. As result the similar role of basic soil treatment methods in growing field crops, except sunflower, for which more favorable conditions are created by the No-Till method, has been found (yield gain was more than 2 cwt/ha compared with other variants).