Biological efficacy of residual pesticides in stored grain at high humidities and moisture contents
1986
Samson, P.R.
Effects on efficacy are grouped as reflecting availability of residues for pick-up by insects, differences in pick-up for reasons other than availability and insect responsiveness after pick-up. Insect responsiveness is little affected by humidity. Its relationship with temperature, described by temperature coefficients, varies with the insecticides. With admixture treatments, efficacy is, within limits, little affected by distribution of the insecticide in the grain mass. Efficacy is reduced on smaller grains because of their greater surface to volume ratio and perhaps because insect movement is restricted. Availability of actural residues decline during storage, and is reduced irreversibly at high moisture contents. Residues on fabric also lose their efficacy over time, particularly on sorptive surfaces. The effect is lessened if insecticides are applied in wettable powder form. The availability of sorbed residues on hydrophilic substrate may be reversibly increased at higher humidities. Pick-up of insecticide is enhanced at higher temperature because of increased availability and insect activity, but whether this is reflected in insect mortality depends on the temperature coefficient of the insecticide
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