Chemotaxonomic classification of native wild Japanese grapes [Vitis] by anthocyanins in berry skin
1995
Mochioka, R. (Osaka Prefectural Univ., Sakai (Japan). Coll. of Agriculture) | Yamaguchi, M. | Horiuchi, S. | Matsui, H. | Kurooka, H.
Anthocyanins in the berry skins of 10 wild grapes (4 species, 5 varieties and 1 unidentified type) native to Japan were analyzed by HPLC. They were also compared with anthocyanins in several wild grapes native to Korea (1 species and 1 unidentified type) and Taiwan (1 unidentified type), and 3 cultivars: Muscat Bailey A and Campbell Early. Nineteen anthocyanins were found in the berry skins. The wild grapes contained 3 to 15 anthocyanins; those native to the southern latitudes seem to contain more anthocyanins than do those native to the northern latitudes. Anthocyanin of peak No.6 was not found in the cultivars, but it was present in the wild grapes. A dendrogram, showing the phylogenetic relationships, was drawn from the pairwise comparison of matching coefficients based on anthocyanin components, and this dendrogram agreed well with the morphological taxonomy. On the basis of the dendrogram, the grapes in this study were separated into 3 groups: one in which more than 76% of anthocyanins matched, one in which 47 to 60% coincided, and one in which less than 33% matched. V. shiragai (Shiragabudo), which some taxonomists regard as a variety of V. amurensis, was clearly shown to be a different species, closely allied to V. ficifolia var. lobata (Ebizuru). Moreover, the relationships of 3 unidentified wild grapes to some group were established by their anthocyanin components. Our data indicate that anthocyanins in grape berry skin may prove useful for chemotaxonomic classification of wild grapes
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