Effects of exercise on physiological condition, blood metabolites and performance of Madura cattle

إنجليزي. A study which aimed at evaluating the effect of exercise on physiological conditions, blood metabolites and performance (work ability and body weight gain) of Madura cattle was carried out. 16 bulls (1.5-2.0 years old) weighing on average 201.9 plus minus 7.94 kg were alloted randomly into four feeding regimes (R0, R1, R2 and R3) and subjected to exercise similar to the burden of ploughing dry land, i.e. pulling a load equals to 11 percent body weight for two hours every second day which lasted for one month. Physiological condition, i.e. respiratory rate, heart beat, rectal temperature and blood biochemistry, i.e. haemoglobin concentrations, packed cell volume (PCV), plasma glucose and plasma urea nitrogen (PUN) concentrations were measured at the beginning, mid and last periods of exercise where measurements were done immediately at pre-and post exercise, respectively. Following this, all animals were allowed to consume their respective diets for four months during which feed intake, feed digestibility and body weight gain were measured. The results indicated that the load applied at 11 percent of body weight for two hours exercise appeared too heavy for Madura cattle used in this study as indicated by a significant increase (P0.05) in respiratory rate, heart beat, rectal temperature, plasma glucose and plasma urea nitrogen (PUN) concentrations. Increased PUN up to 77 percent at the last period of exercise suggests that animals had to provide extra energy on the expense of tissue protein catabolism. The relatively low body weight gain of the animals from this current study may be associated with the heavy burden during exercise coupled with the insufficient supply of energy (TDN) and protein from the ration. The unexpected lower intake of molasses (only 45 percent of the total dry matter intake/head/day) than originally proposed contributed the energy deficiency of the animals

الأندونيسية. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji pengaruh latihan terhadap perubahan kondisi fisiologis dan kinerja (kemampuan kerja serta pertambahan bobot badan) sapi Madura. 16 ekor sapi Madura jantan umur 1,5-2 th dengan rataan bobot badan awal 201,9 kurang lebih 7,94 kg dialokasikan ke dalam empat macam ransum (R0, R1, R2 dan R3) dan diberi latihan setara dengan bekerja di lahan kering untuk mengolah tanah yaitu menarik beban seberat 11 persen dari bobot badan selama dua jam tiap dua hari sekali dalam jangka waktu satu bulan di Sub-Balitnak Grati, Kabupaten Pasuruan. Selama masa latihan sapi-sapi tersebut diukur perubahan kondisi fisiologisnya yang meliputi denyut nadi, frekuensi pernafasan, suhu rektum serta metabolit darah yang meliputi konsentrasi haemoglobin (Hb), packed cell volume (PCV), plasma urea nitrogen (PUN), serta kadar glukosa plasma pada awal bulan, pertengahan bulan dan akhir bulan yang dilakukan sebelum dan sesudah latihan. Setelah itu sapi-sapi tersebut dikandangkan selama empat bulan untuk diamati konsumsi pakan, kecernaan pakan serta pertambahan bobot badan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemberian badan latihan sebesar 11 persen dari bobot badan selama 2 jam meningkatkan frekuensi pernafasan, denyut nadi, suhu rektum serta kandungan metabolit darah yaitu : glukosa dan PUN secara nyata (P0.05) yang berarti ternak menerima beban terlalu berat. Meningkatnya kandungan PUN hingga 77 persen pada akhir bulan masa latihan menunjukkan bahwa ternak mengalami katabolisme protein yang cukup besar sebagai konsekuensi meningkatnya kebutuhan ekstra energi untuk kerja yang tidak cukup diperoleh dari sumber pakan. Rendahnya pertambahan bobot badan pada sapi Madura dalam penelitian ini kemungkinan berkaitan dengan beban kerja yang terlalu berat selama latihan disamping dibatasi oleh pasok energi (TDN) dan protein ransum yang masih di bawah kebutuhan. Konsumsi tetes yang diharapkan dapat menggantikan pasok kebutuhan bahan kering asal hijauan ternyata hanya mampu dikonsumsi ternak sampai pada tingkat 45 persen dari total kebutuhan