Toxicity of formalin, sodium chloride, povidone iodine and benzalkonium chloride to hybrid catfish
1995
Veeraporn Sriakaphorm
Acute toxicity test of formalin, sodium chloride, povidone iodine and benzalkonium chloride in hybrid catfish with weight and length of 1.09-1.20 gms and 5.0-6.0 cms revealed that the LC50 value at 96 hr of these chemicals were 107 ppm, 1.02 percent, 4.2 and 2.8 ppm respectively. Histopathological studies of the experimental fish showed edema and hyperplasia in the gill. Fatty degeneration was observed in the liver and renal tubule of posterior kidney became degenerated. There were minor changes of water qualities in the toxicity tests of sodium chloride, povidone iodine and benzalkonium chloride while 200 ppm of formalin significantly reduced the dissolved oxygen concentration, alkalinity and total ammonia concentration. The effects of continuous exposure of these chemicals for two months were studied in the hybrid catfish with weight and length of 0.21-0.33 gms and 2.5-3.5 cms. Hybrid catfish reared in the water with 10, 25 and 50 ppm of formalin and 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 ppm of povidone iodine did not show any significant difference of growth and survival rate from the controls. (p0.05) No histopathological changes in gill, liver and posterior kidney of experimental fish were detected. The survival and growth rates of the fish reared in 1 percent sodium chloride were significantly lowered as compared to those of the controls and fish exposed to 0.1 and 0.5 percent sodium chloride. (p0.05) Gills of these fish developed edema and hyperplasia and renal tubule became degenerated. Catfish exposed to 0.5 and 1.0 ppm of benzalkonium chloride had highly significantly lowered growth and survival rate than the controls and fish exposed to 0.1 ppm (p0.01). Histopathological changes of gill, liver and posterior kidney were detected in these fish.
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