About the development of the idea of soil liming practice in Estonia
2000
Turbas, E. (Estonian Agricultural Univ., Tartu (Estonia))
The liming of acid soils in Estonia was scientifically grounded by O. Hallik. He mapped all the Estonian cultivated soils with respect to their acidity, analysed more than 100 deposits of fresh water lime sediments in great detail, conducted a large number of liming trials and actively organized the liming of acid soils. At the beginning of 1950-ies the liming of acid soils was more extensively started with meadow lime and lake lime. But soon, proceeding from experimental results the use of oil shale ashes was introduced. The boom in the liming of Estonian soils was the period from 1964 to 1989. Then the fertilizers in powdered form were used: pulverized oil shale ashes and cement kiln flue dust applied according to the pneumatic liming technology. In this way more than 60 thousand hectares of land was limed annually. The most effective lime fertilizer in Estonia is cement kiln flue dust followed by powdered oil shale ashes, whereas the effect of meadow lime on the yields of field crops is considerably smaller. At the beginning of 1990-ies the liming of soils almost ceased. By the year 2000 liming practice has been restored to some extent. At present cement kiln flue dust and ground limestone are used for liming
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