Pesticide utilization in agricultural production in Nueva Vizcaya [Philippines]
1999
Andres, G.A. | Ortiz, E.A. Jr. | Ramos, E.P. | Fanuncio, E.V. | Perante, N.M. (Nueva Vizcaya State Inst. of Technology, Bayombong, Nueva Vizcaya (Philippines))
Out of 65 farmer respondents, more than 90 percent used chemicals to protect their crops from pests and diseases, while less than 10 percent either used botanical pesticides namely siling labuyo, laweh, and garlic, or did not use any control method at all. Almost all the farmer respondents (94.80 percent) were aware of the proper use of the chemicals and their negative impacts on human health. Insecticide comprised the major bulk of the pesticides being used by the farmers. Most of the insecticides belonged to the organophosphate and the pyrethroid groups of compounds. The others were carbamate and organochlorine compounds. Bacillus thuringiensis was the only biological method used. There were 22 brands of insecticides being used in the area, 14 brands of fungicides, 3 herbicides, 2 molluscides, and 1 rodenticide. Among the agricultural produce, vegetable had the highest amount of pesticide residues. Sweet peas, cabbage, tomato, ampalaya, and eggplant were found to contain pesticide residues beyond the maximum residue limit set by FAO/WHO. The pesticides detected were Malathion (at 0.30 ug/g), Monocrotophos (0.30-1.50 ug/g), Deltamethrin (0.20 ug/g) and Methomyl (0.12-0.15 ug/g). Soils in seven municipalities of Nueva Vizcaya were found possitive of pesticide residue. These were Aritao, Bagabag, Bayombong, Diadi, Dupax del Sur, Quezon, and Villaverde. Among the pesticides detected were Monocrotophos (0.04-0.60 ug/g), Malathion (0.12 ug/g), Mancozeb (0.04 ug/g), Azinophos ethyl (0.04 ug/g). Spring water and irrigation canals, about 50 m away from the vegetable farms were found negative of pesticide residues. Paddy water in rice fields was found to contain residues of Cypermethrin (until two days after spraying) and Monocrotophos (until four days after spraying). Pesticide residues decreased with time as they were diluted with continuous movement of water, taken up by organisms, adsorbed by substances in the water, or flashed away by rainwater.
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