Chromosome constitution of wheat-barley hybrids
1999
Masarova, K. | Masar, S.
Intergeneric hybridization between hexaploid bread wheat Triticum aestivum L. cv. Norin 61 and diploid barley Hordeum vulgare L. cv. Hiproly resulted in 11 regenerated plants, obtained through the culture of immature embryo. In the F1 generation the regenerated plants had 27, 28 and 35 chromosomes (tab. 1). This indicates that only one (i.e. 9%) was true wheat x barley hybrid with 28 chromosomes. The 27 chromosome plant could accrue after elimination of one barley chromosome during embryogenesis. Pentaploid (35 chromosomes) genotype arose probably by fusion of normal wheat gamete (21 chromosomes) with unreduced barley gamete (14 chromosomes). Experiment for fertility restoration of all the 11 genotypes by backcross with mother hexaploid wheat cv. Norin 61 was realised. The first generation after backcrossing (F1BC1) in the mitosis were analysed. In somatic cells of genotypes R2, R5 and R10 complete hexaploid wheat genome and one additive eventually barley chromosome, or barley chromosome fragments in 10.3% of cells on the average were detected. All of the genotypes showed mosaicism for chromosome number (tab. 2). In the next generation (F2BC1) hybrid progenies in mitosis and meiosis were analysed. Likewise high chromosome variability in karyotype was observed. Somatic chromosome number was aneuploid and euploid between 30-43 chromosomes (tab. 3). One overlap chromosome in 7.6% of cells on the average in two genotypes R2 and R10 was observed. At metaphase I (MI) 20.58 bivalents and 0.63 probably barley univalents in pollen mother cells (PMCs) were detected. This is more than complete hexaploid wheat genome, which contains 21 bivalents (tab. 4, fig. 1a, b)
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