Leaching and degradation of fenamiphos and atrazine in non disturbed Moroccan sandy soil columns
1999
El-Ouaghlidi, F. | Hummel, H.A. (Justus-Liebig-Univ., Giessen (Germany). Inst. of Phytopathology and Applied Zoology) | Duering, R.A.
By means of a computerised microlysimeter, the movement and degradation of one nematicide (fenamiphos) and one herbicide (atrazine) were studied in non disturbed Moroccan sandy soil columns from the Atlantic coast. Within an analysis time of approximately 20 min and with a detection limit in the low ppb range, the HPLC-DAD system with gradient elution permitted separation and detection of atrazine and its major metabolites desethylatrazine (dea), desisopropylatrazine (dia), and hydroxyatrazine (hoa). Fenamiphos and its two metabolites fenamiphos sulfoxide and fenamiphos sulfone were also detected sensitively by switching the UV-wavelength to the optimal absorption of each compound. The analysis of the microlysimeter leachates, resulting in pesticide breakthrough curves, shows that the most important metabolite of atrazine is dea to be followed by dia and hoa. Atrazine and its degradation products seem to be mobile under the given lysimeter conditions which are comparable to those found in Moroccan greenhouse cultures. In case of fenamiphos, sulfoxide (FSO) concentrations in the leachate are considerably higher than those of the second metabolite sulfone (FSO2) and the starting material fenamiphos. The preliminary results show that sandy Moroccan soils are subject to more than tolerable leaching of the investigated pesticides. In particular, the environmental fate of pesticide metabolites with special regard to groundwater contamination should be considered sufficiently. In sandy soils, where leaching is relatively strong due to low organic content, observing the recommended application rate should therefore be strictly enforced.
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