Agroenvironmental grape production
2001
Hronsky, S. | Bernath, S. (Slovenska Polnohospodarska Univ., Nitra (Slovak Republic))
In Europe, especially in the European Union countries, agricultural methods protecting the environment and a natural character of the countryside are used in order to create conditions for environmentally sustainable development. The same goal is pursued in growing grapevine in the best vineyard areas in Slovakia. Quality of wine is supported by the use of growing technologies which engage biodiversity of flora and fauna, secure soil against erosion, support soil regeneration and improve soil fertility. Over 1997-2000, the effects of different soil technologies on autochthonal flora, soil moisture, intake of soil nutrients, grapevine growing processes, quantity and quality of the grape yield and production economy were investigated in the vineyards of PD [Cooperative] Hlohovec, situated in Malokarpatska Wine Area. The following soil technofogies were examined: 1/ soil without cultures of autochthonous plants due to soil cultivation, 2/ mulching autochthonal flora between rows and application of retardation batches of herbicides in rows, 3/ application of retardation batches of herbicides in the whole area, 4/ whole area retardation by full batches of herbicides, 5/ uncultivated soil. It was found that the used technology affected a number of plant varieties and also their quantity in the vineyard, moisture mode, terramare content, nutritive flow, growing processes of grapevine, quantity and quality of yields. It also had an influence on sugar content produced by photosynthetic apparatus of the plant and cumulated in grapes. A long time soil cultivation without tillage in the vineyard results in a significant fall in the content P, K, Mg, and microelements in deeper layers of the soil
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