The risk of hepatocellular carcinoma is increased two fold by the use of tobacco
2004
Imtiaz, F. (The Aga Khan Univ., Karachi (Pakistan). Dept. of Pathology and Microbiology) | Fatima, T.
It is estimated that cigarette smoking kills over 1,000,000 people worldwide, every year causing various kinds of cancer. Cigarette smoking, chewing of pan with tobacco and consumption of alcohol may also contribute to the development of Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC). HCC is one of the most common cancers in the world. The Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and Hepatitis C virus (HCV) are the major agents causing chronic liver disease, which leads to HCC. The aim of this study was to find out the association of HCC with cigarette smoking and habit of chewing betel nut and quid, HBV and HCV infections. Present study is a retrospective study in which the data of 200 individuals including 122 males and, 78 females suffering from chronic liver disease and HCC were obtained from different hospitals of Karachi. The data provides the information about gender, presence of HBV, HCV infections, history of cigarette smoking, and chewing pan with tobacco. Analysis was done using the statistical software SPSS version 10.0 for Windows. The Cox model for survival was applied to demonstrate the effect of smoking and chewing pan with tobacco as a risk factor for HCC. The result showed that after controlling for age and gender by the use of Cox model, the hazard ratio were obtained to be as 38.30 with 95% confidence interval: 10.89, 129.98, at P less than 0.01 for HCV seropositive patients and 7.21 at 95% confidence interval: 1.40, 35.61 at P less than 0.05 for HBs Antigen positive patients, respectively. In conclusion, tobacco smoking or chewing both were found to be significantly (P less than 0.05) associated with increased risk of HCC. This risk enhanced two folds with the presence of HBV and HCV infections.
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