Dispersive clay derived from Hong Hoi shale at Mae Mok Dam site, Thoen, Lampang
1996
Veerasak Udomchoke | Jamnian Phuanda (Kasetsart Univ., Bangkok (Thailand). Faculty of Science. Dept. of General Science. Earth Science section)
Residual soil derived from weathered shale of Hong Hoi Formation, Lampang Group at the borrow pits in front of the Mae Mok Dam was investigated. Milky colour of muddy water in the small depressed pond near the borrow pits shows very high dispersive behaviour. Both Emerson' s Crumb Test in field observation and Pinhole Test in laboratory investigation yielded dispersive clay characteristics that can cause piping erosion through the embankment. Chemical Test of extracted soil paste showed high to slightly high base reaction (pH=7.2 to 8.2), very high electrical conductivity (1.4 to 1.9 mmho/cm), high percentage of sodium cation (94 percent) and sodium absorption ratio range in very high degree of dispersion (SAR=17.7). Smectite, illite, vermiculite, kaolinite and quartz in orderly decreasing amount were obtained from X-ray diffraction pattern. The slightly weathered Hong Hoi Shale shows non-dispersive behaviour and exists underneath the residual soil (0.5 to 1.0 m) at the borrow area. Very low permeability (10*[-8) cm/sec) and slightly high compacted unit weight (18.4 kN/cubic m at 12.6 percent moisture content) were obtained from the compaction of two days' mugging of the Hong Hoi Shale Saprolite. The core dam can be constructed with this compacted shale on top of the grouted foundation of very high fractured and nearly vertical dipping strata of the weathered Hong Hoi Formation.
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