Solid state fermentation systems for bioremediation and biodegradation
2004
Viesturs, U.,Latvian State Inst. of Wood Chemistry, Riga (Latvia) | Zarina, D.,University of Latvia, Riga (Latvia). Inst. of Microbiology and Biotechnology | Dubova, L.,University of Latvia, Riga (Latvia). Inst. of Microbiology and Biotechnology | Berzins, A.,University of Latvia, Riga (Latvia). Inst. of Microbiology and Biotechnology | Strikauska, S.,Latvia Univ. of Agriculture, Jelgava (Latvia)
The waste gas from composting facilities contains different components, which create odour nuisance and acid rain. Biofiltration, which is a technology for reduction of odour emissions and involves the biochemical capabilities of native or modified biological systems, offers some advantages over the physical-chemical, burning or mechanical methods. These are as follows: low cost of installation, maintenance and operation, simplicity of the technological process and high efficiency of the biodegradation and utilization of different inorganic and organic compounds (Schmidt, 2000Viesturs et al., 2003). We have developed a complex biofiltration system for removal of hydrogen sulphide and ammonia from the composting facility waste gas in a 31 solid state reactor. Sulphate reducing bacteria Thiobacillus thiopharus were immobilized on glass bricks as the carrier material. The biodegradation efficiency of hydrogen sulphide amounted to 62.5% at the gas flow rate 11.2 l hE-1. The nitrificator association for regulating the circulation of nitrogen-ammonification and nitrification processes was isolated from activated sludge. The two-stage biofiltration system was more effective for treatment of the waste gas containing a high amount of ammonia. This biofiltration system makes it possible to clean waste gas from ammonia for at least a 3-month period, with the degradation efficiency 98%. Monitoring of the compost quality was realized by methods such as chemical and microbiological analyses, microbiotests (toxicity), and IR spectroscopy.
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