Characteristics of three Trichoderma species in peanut haulmscompost involved in biocontrol of cumin Wilt disease
2005
Haggag, W.M,National Research Centre, Giza (Egypt). Plant PathologyDept.
Peanut haulms compost as a carrier of three Trichoderma species (T.harzianum, T. hamatum and T. koningii) exhibited different morphologicaland chemical characteristics and its ability to control Fusarium wilt ofcumin plants caused by Fusarium oxysporum compared withpeat/vermiculite. The peanut haulms carrier was able to increase thepopulation size, numbers, viability, survival, microbial biomass andactivity during twelve months experiment while population from othercommercial peat/vermiculite was decreased. Detecting Trichodermabiochemical activity in compost by High Performance LiquidChromatography (HPLC) analyses revealed that relative amounts ofantibiotics as gliotoxin, trichodermin and gliovirin as well as totalphenols production increased. At the same time, spectrophotometricdetermination of the enzymatic hydrolysates revealed that chitinase,protease, cellulase, beta- galactosidase and (beta-1,3-glucanase were alsoincreased. In infested and natural soil with Fusarium oxysporum,amendment with peanut haulms compost inoculated with Trichoderma spp.were found to be effective in reducing wilt disease incidence andpathogen population. Addition of peanut compost increased the populationcounts of all Trichoderma spp. in soil. Plant growth yield, nitrogencontent and seeds oil content were improved. Peanut compost inoculatedwith T. harzianum was effective in reducing disease incidence andincreased yield components. Similarity between levels and specificities ofbiological activity and the morphological and chemical characterization ofbiocontrol agents in compost were found in relation to antagonist. Peanuthaulms compost, in general, exhibited high stimulation of biocontrolactivity.
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