Hydrological and erosional impacts of road and land cover changes in small mountainous watershed in northern Thailand
2002
Ziegter, Alan D.(Hawaii Univ., Hawaii (USA). Dept. of Geology) | Giambelluca, Thomus W.(Hawaii Univ., Hawaii (USA). Dept. of Geology) | Sutherland, Ross A.(Hawaii Univ., Hawaii (USA). Dept. of Geology) | Nullit, Mike(Hawaii Univ., Hawaii (USA). Dept. of Geology) | Sathaporn Jaiarree(Land Development Dept., Bangkok (Thailand). Soil and Water Conservation Div.) | Jitti Pinthong(Chiang Mai Univ., Chiang Mai (Thailand). Faculty of Agriculture)
Through fieldwork in northern Thailand, a realistic assessment of hydrological and geomorphological impacts of roads in mountainous tropical watershed was carried out. Findings from field rainfall simulations, surveys of road and traffic phenomena, and computer simulations are presented. Because roads generate Horton overland flow (HOF) during must rain events, they transport sediment into the stream system throughout the rainy season. The linking road sections via rut and gully systems allow them to transport runoff generate in one watershed into adjacent basins, where it may contribute to hydrological and erosional impact. Footpaths, like road, accelerate runoff, and may enhance in field erosion by acting as source areas for surface runoff. Vehicle detachment and maintenance activities during interstrom periods increase the volume of loose material that can be removed by overland flow during subsequent rainstorm. Road sediment transport is simulated best when the surface layer of loose sediment is explicitly modeled. This research serves as a foundation for future work aimed at quantifying road and agricultural contributions to cumulative watershed effects in South East Asia.
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