The influence of ploughing and ploughless soil tillage on soil properties in winter wheat crop
2005
Jodaugiene, D., Lithuanian Univ. of Agriculture, Akademija, Kauno reg. (Lithuania) | Raudonius, S., Lithuanian Univ. of Agriculture, Akademija, Kauno reg. (Lithuania) | Spokiene, N., Lithuanian Univ. of Agriculture, Akademija, Kauno reg. (Lithuania) | Treciokas, K., Lithuanian Univ. of Agriculture, Akademija, Kauno reg. (Lithuania)
The investigation of ploughing and ploughless soil tillage have been carried out in the field experiment at the Experimental Station of Lithuanian University of Agriculture on drained medium loam Endohypogleyic-Eutric Planosol - Ple-gln-w soil and started in 1988. Chemical properties of arable horizon: pHKCL - 7.1-7.5, humus content 16.5-18.0 g kgE-11, available phosphorus content 211-227 mg kgE-1, available potassium content 104-120 mg kgE-1. Crop rotation: spring barley + under-sow, perennial grasses I year, perennial grasses II year, winter wheat, fodder beets, spring rape. Treatments: 1) conventional ploughing 23-25 cm, 2) shallow ploughing 12-14 cm, 3) deep chisel loosening 23-25cm, 4) shallow chisel loosening 12-14 cm. Data of 1995-2000 years are presented in this paper. The results indicate that shallow ploughing and ploughless soil tillage had no significant influence on soil bulk density and total porosity at different growth stages of winter wheat as compared with conventional ploughing. One of the reasons was greater amount of earthworms (numbers 46-68%, biomass 14-41%) when reduced soil tillage, especially ploughless soil tillage was used. Reduced tillage significantly increased soil structure stability in the entire arable horizon: in the upper layer by 8.7-12.8 percentage units and in the lower layer by 4.2-8.1 percentage units. After two crop rotations (12 years) arable horizon according to nutrient content differentiated into the upper more fertile and lower less fertile layers. Highest fertility differentiation of arable horizon was in the ploughless tilled plots: the difference of humus content between upper and lower layers was 21-26%, phosphorus - 31-41%, potassium - 43-47%. After two crop rotations humus content in all arable horizons was higher 5.4-9.1% when reduced soil tillage was implemented as compared with conventional ploughing.
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