Effect of straw mulching on the growth of summer maize and soil water utilization

صينى. 通过2002，2003年2年的田间试验，研究了不同小麦秸秆覆盖量（0，1 030，2 060，3 090和4 120 kg/ha）对夏玉米田土壤含水量、棵间蒸发、地温以及玉米生长状况和产量的影响。结果表明，覆盖量4 130 kg/hm2处理的棵间蒸发量比不覆盖处理少10%；覆盖量越大，总耗水量越小，1 030,2 060,3 090和4 120 kg/ha 4种覆盖处理的两年平均总耗水量依次比对照减少约13.5%，9.5%，5.4%和3.8%；覆盖处理的地温在各生育阶段均高于不覆盖处理，尤其是表层0～10 cm土层，覆盖量由低到高，分别比不覆盖处理增温0.7，1.5，0.7和0.2 ℃；覆盖处理的株高和叶面积指数在不同生育阶段均高于不覆盖处理，各覆盖处理之间的差别不明显；水分利用率随着覆盖量的增加而提高，覆盖量4 120 kg/hm2处理的产量及水分利用率最优。

إنجليزي. Based on the field experimental data, this paper analysed the soil water content, soil evaporation, soil temperature, maize plant height, leaf area index and yield under various quantity of straw mulching （0，1 030,2 060,3 090 and 4 120 kg/ha）.Results showed that soil evaporation of the straw-mulching of 4 130 kg/hm2 was 10% less than that of the unmulched. The more field was mulched, the less the water consumption was. The water consumption of the mulched treatments of 1 030,2 060,3 090,4 120 kg/ha were less than the unmulched by 13.5%,9/5%,5.4% and 3.8% respectively. Soil temperatures of the mulched treatments were all generally higher than those of the unmulched，especially in the 0-10 cm upper soil. With the increase of straw mulching quantity，temperatures of the mulched treatments were higher variously from 0.2 ℃ to 1.5 ℃ than those of the unmulched in the upper layer. In each growth stage, maize leaf area index and height of the mulched treatments were higher than those of the unmulched, but differences among the treatments were not very clear. The more the field was mulched, the higher the water use efficiency was, and the treatment of 4 120 kg/ha mulched straw promised best in yield and water use efficiency.