Study on quality improvement effect and separate character of soybean male sterile (ms1) recurrent selection population

صينى. 针对大豆遗传基础狭窄的问题，研究ms1轮回群体品质改良效果与应用价值。选择23个适应当地生态类型品种材料，通过对引进的ms1轮回群体进行6年的基因导入与轮回选择，形成了适宜当地生态类型区选择的LD基础群体。利用高蛋白、高油亲本对LD基础群体进行品质改良，进而形成高蛋白（db）和高油（gy）两个亚群体。改良后的高蛋白（db）亚群体蛋白质含量比基础群体增加1.18%，达到ｔ0.2的显著水平，≥45%的个体占22.38%，高于基础群体10.99%；高油（gy）亚群体平均脂肪含量高于基础群体0.24%，达到ｔ0.4的显著水平，≥20%的个体比基础群体增加11.05%。ms1亚群体的开花期、成熟期、结荚习性、脐色等质量性状的分离范围广，分离比例趋于均衡。分枝数ms1群体变异系数为72.8%，大于常规杂交群体（57.3%），百粒重变异系数为18.1%，大于常规群体（16.5%），其它株高、单株荚数、荚粒数的变异系数没有明显差异。利用大豆ms1轮回群体进行品质改良的同时，保存了其它性状的分离变异范围与丰富的选择类型，更符合多目标育种的要求。本文还结合ms1亚群体研究实践，讨论了大豆ms1群体育种的方法、关键技术及选择效果。

إنجليزي. In order to look at the narrow genetic base of soybeans, we built a series of male sterile recurrent selection populations and studied the effects of quality improvement and practical value. An ALD base population was built and fit our ecology type through 6 years’ gene enrichment. It introduced new genes from 23 local varieties and recurrent selections. Then we improved the LD base population by making crosses with high protein and high oil genotypes. As a result，we obtained a high protein sub-population (db) and a high oil sub-population (gy). For the improved db (high protein content) sub-population, the protein content was 1.18% higher than the base population and significant at t0.2 level,. The individuals had protein content more than 45% and were 22.38%, and 10.99% higher than the base population. For the gy (high oil content) sub-population, oil content was 0.24% higher than the base population and was significant at t0.4 level. The individual oil content was more than 20% and was 11.05% higher than the base population. The quantitative characteristics, such as flowering date, mature date, pod habit and hilum color etc. had wide ranges of separation. The CV of branch number of ms1 recurrent population (72.8%) was higher than the general cross population (57.3%). The CV of 100 seed weight of ms1 (18.1%) was higher than the general cross population (16.5%). The coefficient of variation of plant height, pods per plant and seeds per pod were no significant different. In this paper, the quality character of ms1 male sterile recurrent selection population improved by adding new genes. The separating and variance range of other characters kept a wide range, making the population fit for the objective of soybean breeding.