Study of morphometric and genetic variations of codling moth (Cydia Pomonella L.) in some parts of Iran

Using Geometric Morphometrics, morphological variations of 4 male and 3 female populations of codling moth (Cydia pomonella L.) collected from one host plant were studied. 13 landmarks in forewing and 11 landmarks in hindwing were chosen to define major elements of shape. The landmarks digitized and the raw coordinates were superimposed using a generalized procrust analysis algorithm in a non-Euclidean Kendall's shape space and transfered to a linear Euclidean Tangent space. The matrix of partial warp scores (weight matrix) were calculated and used as new variables in analysis (22 varables in forewing, 18 variables in hindwing). Size was eliminated by dividing the coordinates by centroid. Preliminary tests were done and sexual dimorphism of shape was investigated which showed some differences in the shape of their hinwing . Centroid size of populations were compared by using ANOVA. To define if shape varied significantly among test populations and sexes a MANOVA was performed. A preliminary PCA of the covariance matrix of th procrustes residusles and CDA and CA were done and Allometric slopes of test populations was compared using a MANCOVA. ANOVA of centroid size revealed that Semirom population had greater size than the other populations and Mehrshahr population had smaller size and superimposed shape coordinates are allometry free. Individual MANOVAs revealed significant shape variation between populations. Non-uniform components of shape have better influence to isolation of populations as well as hind wing landmarks. The analyses also showed that the differences between the shape of the populations are affected by the geographical distances between them. So there is a close relation between the morphological and geographical distances. The greatest difference in the wing shape (uniform and non-uniform) was observed among Urumieh and Mehrshahr populations. Overall deformation in shape along the first relative warp for all specimens showed that the basal part of the wing in Urumieh population was smaller than the other populations and on the contrary Mehrshahr population had broader wing with wider basal part. We also find that the basal part of the wing (hinwing) in males was narrower than the females and its distal part was elongated.