Geological and seismological aspects of Kashmir earthquake of October 8, 2005 and a geotechnical evaluation of induced failures of natural and cut slopes
2006
Aydan, O.(Tokai Univ., Shizuoka (Japan). School of Marine Science and Technology)
On October 8, 2005 at 8:50 (3:50 UTC), a large devastating earthquake occurred in Kashmir region of Pakistan. The depth of the earthquake was estimated to be about 10km and it had the magnitude of 7.6. The earthquake resulted from the subduction of Indian plate beneath Eurasian plate, and the earthquake was due to thrust faulting. Although there was no surface fracture as a result of the faulting, extensive slope failures observed along the expected surface expression of the causative fault. The main faults in the epicentral area are Muzaffarabad-Tanda fault and Panjal fault. Both of these faults are thrust fault. While Muzaffarabad-Tanda fault dips NE, the Panjal fault dips SW. The Oct. 8, 2005 earthquake occurred in a place, which may be regarded as a seismic gap. The computational results for crustal straining using GPS measurements indicated that Indian plate in Pakistan undergoing much higher straining as compared with that of India. The maximum ground acceleration for Balakot was inferred to be greater than 0.9g from overturned vehicles in the direction parallel to the axis of the valley. This probably represents the largest ground acceleration in the epicentral area. Balakot is situated on the hanging-wall side of the causative fault. In addition, some further analysis of overturned or displaced structures showed that maximum ground velocity could be more than 280kine, which is probably the highest value so far.
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