Identification of saline areas and halophytes, study of tolerance or avoidance mechanisms and introduce suitable salt resistance plants of hamadan province.

In attention to importance of salinity and extensive areas of saline and sodic soils across the country and harmonizing of studies which has accomplished by individuals and various institutions, presentation of a national project seems necessary to include all aspects of the subjects. In order to meet this ample take a comprehensive project titled andldquoIdentification of saline areas and halophytes, study of tolerance or avoidance mechanisms and introduction suitable salt resistance plants in pastures of iranandrdquo, was approved and followed by adoption of the respective provincial projects. This survey has been carried out since 1376 in Hamadan province in order to find relationship between the ecological characteristics via distribution of pasture halophytes in saline and sodic soils. The study of plant vegetation carried out by using of Ecophytosociological method. By using of Physionomic-Floristic-Ecologic criteria determination of association individuals and the site of releves installation was possibled. Data analyses were carried out in Anaphyto software by A.F.C and C.A.H methods and it distinguished several plant formations. In order to examination of soil situation, sampling of soils was carried out in the characteristic sites of plant associations and the soil experiments were carried out. In this manner connection of ecological characteristics and plant formations were distinguished. By using of this information, suitable recommendations and scientific propositions were demonstrated in order to biological corrections in saline and sodic soils in Hamadan province. By total studies, we could find relationship between soil parameters (such as soil texture, salinity, sodicity and percent of calcium carbonate) via distribution of pasture halophytes. In this manner we could recomend invaluable pasture plant species from the viewpoint of animal grazing, soil conservation, erosion prevention and medical uses incorporated with ecological potential of this region. Plant vegetation and soil maps were prepared in scale 1:50,000. On the basis carried out studies in this research, saline and sodic soils in the Hamadan provience are distributed in 4 townships including Hamadan, Kabudrahang, Asadabad and Malayer. Total area of saline lands in Hamadan province are estimated at 67525 hectare that includes 9.5 percent of total cultivated lands in this province. In Hamadan township two fields of ghahavand and famenin with 37331hectare area have exposed salinity and sodisity of soils. The Kabudrahang township is the second region that has influenced of salinity and sodicity of soils and total of saline region in this field is at 14800 hectare. Malayer township is the third saline region in the province that area is at 10548 hectare. Even extension of saline lands has influenced Asadabad plain so that saline and sodic soils in this city is at 5116 hectare. On the basis carried out studies on plant vegetation of saline and sodic lands in different points in Hamadan province, plant associations were recognised as follows. In the Ghahavand plain and Agh-Gol lake 9 associations were recognized as follows: 1- The association of Lepidieto perfoliati - Camphorosmatetum monspeliaci at 601 hectare. 2- The association of Atripliceto verruciferae- Camphorosmatetum monspeliaci at 1853 hectare 3- The association of Puccinelio distandis -Camphorosmatetum monspeliaci at 2270 hectare 4- The association of Gamatheto gamocarpi – Aeluropetum littoralis at 3269 hectare 5- The association of Artemisieto sieberi – Aeluropetum littoralis at 1364 hectare 6- The association of Aeluropeto ltittoralis-Camphorosmatetum monspeliaci at 961 hectare 7- The association of Camphorosmatetum monspeliaci at 1844 hectare 8- The association of Salsoletum sodae at 286 hectare 9- The association of Aeluropetum littoralis at 547 hectare In the Kabudrahang and famenin plain 2 associations were recognized as follows: 1- The association of Aeluropeto ltittoralis-Camphorosmatetum monspeliaci at 8158.9 hectare 2- The association of Camphorosmatetum monspeliaci at 9880.3 hectare In the Malayer plain 10 associations were recognized as follows: 1- The association of Cariceto stenophyllae – Camphorosmatetum monspeliaci at hectare. 2- The association of Cynodoneto dactyli - Camphorosmatetum monspeliaci at 572 hectare 3- The association of Atripliceto leucocladae - Camphorosmatetum monspeliaci at 544 hectare 4- The association of Atripliceto verruciferae- Camphorosmatetum monspeliaci at 960 hectare 5- The association of Petrosimonieto brachiatae-Camphorosmatetum monspeliaci at 604 hectare 6- The association of Aeluropeto ltittoralis - Camphorosmatetum monspeliaci at 588 hectare 7- The association of Camphorosmatetum monspeliaci at 1340 hectare 8- The association of Frankenietum hirsutae at 170 hectare 9- The association of Salsoletum kali at 104 hectare 10-The association of Peganetum harmalae at 100 hectare In the Asadabad plain 5 associations were recognized as follows: 1- The association of Alhagietum persari at 482 hectare. 2- The association of Camphorosmateto monspeliaci- Cynodonetum dactyli at 478 hectare 3- The association of Aeluropeto ltittoralis – Cynodonetum dactyli at 434 hectare 4- The association of Cariceto stenophyllae - Cynodonetum dactyli at 470 hectare 5- The association of Ononieito spinosae - Cynodonetum dactyli at 248 hectare Conclusion of soil samples examination in this land is confirmed of saline and sodic soils existence that in a part of points the mixture of both is seen. In the recent years the most important reason for extension of saline soils in this region are non efficient management in lands sources and changes in lands employing. Key words: Halophyte, resistance to salt, Land use and vegetation of saline lands, Lands destruction, Pedology, Ecology, Eco-phytosociology, Saline and sodic soils, Saline habitates, Hamadan province, Kabudrahang, Famenin, Asadabad, Malayer, Agh-Gol lake Ministry of Jihad-e-Agriculture Agricutural Reaearch and Education Organization