Geographic variation of the COX1 gene of the short-neck clam Ruditapes philippinarum in coastal regions of Japan and China
2006
Sekine, Y.(FISCO Co. Ltd., Tokyo (Japan)) | Yamakawa, H. | Takazawa, S. | Lin, Y. | Toba, M.
In recent years, the volume of the Japanese short neck clam Ruditapes philippinarum imported from China, South Korea and North Korea has increased rapidly to compensate for the decrease in domestic production in Japan. Imported clams are generally released in areas already inhabited by the same species, and it is feared that they may affect the domestic populations. It is necessary to understand the genetic characteristic of the various local populations to manage and conserve biodiversity. However, the genetic variation of the Japanese short neck clam from Japan and the other countries has not been studied. This study was therefore designed to analyze the genetic variation among local populations from Japan and China using nucleotide sequence of the M and F types COX1 gene from the mtDNA of Japanese short neck clam. The nucleotide sequence for the total length of the M-type (1608 bp) and F-type (1599 bp) COX1 gene of 39 male individuals collected during the spawning season (November to May, 2004) from nine locations in Japan and China was determined. In the M-type COX1 gene, the number of nucleotide and amino acid substitutions were higher than in the F-type COX1 gene. Both the M-type and F-type COX1 gene revealed differences in nucleotide sequence between Japanese and Chinese populations, which were clearly grouped in the phylogenetic trees (MP and NJ methods). In addition, the Japanese populations were divided into two subgroups by the M-type COX1 gene, the Honshu-Kyushu (Tokyo Bay, Mikawa Bay, Nanao Bay, Miyazu Bay and Ariake Sea) and Hokkaido (Notsuke Bay) groups. The Chinese populations were also divided into two subgroups, these from the North (Dalian Bay and Kiachow Bay) and those from the South (Xiamen Bay).
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