Particularities of harvester settings during the harvesting of hull-less barley

إنجليزي. Requirements for harvesting hull-less and covered barley are significantly different. Hull-less barley for consumption and for seed has to be harvested differently. For consumption it is more necessary to separate hulls from the grain and to increase volume weight, but for seed production retention of germination is essential. In our experiment we analyzed the yield of three varieties of hull-less barley harvested by using five different harvester settings during four growing seasons. The harvester drum speed and distance between threshing drum and concave was varied. Quality features essential for feed and food production (volume weight, amount of kernels with undetached hulls and broken kernels) and for seed production (germination ability and amount of kernels with germ damage) were determined. Our results indicate that meteorological conditions during harvesting influenced all tested features significantly (p is less than 0.05). The variety features also influenced the investigated parameters significantly (p is less than 0.05). Grain volume weight correlated significantly less with the amount of kernels with undetached hulls. The increase of the harvester drum speed had a significant positive effect on grain parameters important for consumption in more cases, than the reduction of the distance between the threshing drum and concave. The best results for consumption were reached mainly by using harvester settings recommended for covered spring barley. More appropriate for harvesting hull-less barley grain for seed production were harvester settings with lower drum speeds.

لاتفيا. Pētījuma mērķiis bija noteikt optimālos kombaina regulēšanas parametrus kailgraudu miežu ražas novākšanai Latvijas apstākļos, analizēt atšķirības starp genotipiem un meteoroloģisko apstākļu ietekmi. Četrus gadus (2003.-2006.) analizējām trīs genotipus (Kanādas šķirni 'CDC Freedom', čehu selekcijas līniju KM-2084 un zviedru selekcijas līniju SW-1291). Lauka izmēģinājumi tika veikti LLU MPS Vecauce, izmantojot izmēģinājumu kombainu Hege-140. Katru gadu pārbaudīti 5 kulšanas režīmi (1.tabula), variējot kuļtrumuļa apgriezienus (800-1250 min) un attālumu starp kuļtrumuli un kuļkurvi jeb kuļspraugu (2-5 mm). Tika analizēti patēriņam un sēklas materiālam nozīmīgi rādītāji (graudu daudzums ar neatdalītām plēksnēm, tilpummasa, sašķelto graudu daudzums, dīgtspēja un graudu daudzums ar traumētiem dīgļiem). Meteoroloģiskie apstākļi pirms ražas novākšanas pa gadiem bija atšķirīgi un ietekmēja graudu mitrumu ražas novākšanas laikā. 2003. un 2006. gadā graudi tika novākti sausi, ar optimālu mitruma saturu, 2004. gadā graudu mitrums bija paaugstināts, bet 2005.gadā, kaut arī kulšanas laikā mitrums nebija augsts, graudi bija izmirkuši nedēļu ilgās lietavās un daļēji sadīguši vārpās.