Analysis in the fight against corruption in public procurement in Latvia and of precondition influence - factors on anti corruption measures

إنجليزي. The corruption is one of the main problems in public sector. The paper provides the answer to the question, whether corruption preconditions will be able to lower the level of corruption in public procurement? Corruption scandals are often connected with procurement of goods and services by the State. Bribes can not only determine who is to obtain a contract but also the largeness and particularity of the procurement. At present state orders and privatization are considered the main sources of bribing and corruption. State orders have a particularly high corruption risk, and the European Union has long since acknowledged that bribes paid by companies to governments not only cripple the market but also undermine passing of resolutions and democracy. There are more strict laws regulating state and municipal procurement adopted in Latvia, but it does not prevent corruption in state procurement. Thus, corruption is still wide-spread problem in this field. Legal regulation of public procurement is not perfect, therefore it allows illegal and non-rational use of state and municipal funds, it does not provide free competition and creates discriminating attitude towards a contractor and economic profitability. Proceedings violations when implementing public orders are detected constantly in Latvia: requirements of legislation and resolutions are violated, and according to world expertise, these as if formal infringements exactly are often external manifestation of corruption. The reform of the procurement system is important for every state and was initiated in Latvia on July 5, 2001, when the Saeima passed the law About Procurements for State and Self- governments Needs which came into force on January 1, 2002. The paper will examine the experience of Latvia in the fight against corruption in public procurement.

لاتفيا. Neviena valsts pasaulē nav imūna pret korupcijas politiku. Korupcija iepirkuma procesā parāda sevi dažādās formās: kukuļa prasīšana, ietekmes uztiepšana, nelikumīga bagātināšana un piesavināšanās kā viena no praksēm. Korupcija, kas ir specifiska valsts iepirkumiem, tādā veidā nodara lielāku ļaunumu nekā citi tās veidi, jo tā rada nepietiekamu resursu sadali. Korupcija arī paaugstina iepirkuma izmaksas, kas ietekmē nodokļu maksātājus. Turklāt, korumpēti darījumi bieži beidzas ar mazvērtīgu preču un pakalpojumu iegādi, kā rezultātā rodas zemas kvalitātes infrastruktūra, kas kavē ekonomisko izaugsmi. Korupcijas ļaunums saistās ar to, ka tā atstāj negatīvu iespaidu uz vārīgākajiem valsts sektoriem, ekonomisko izaugsmi, valsts sociālo un tiesisko attīstību, sabiedrības apziņu un morālo stāju, kas to padara par vienu no jebkuras valsts darbības pamatvirzieniem, tai skaitā arī Latvijas Republikas valsts politikā. Korupcija iedragā valsts pārvaldes efektivitāti un spēju realizēt likumus. Valstīs ar augstu korupcijas līmeni mazāk naudas tiek tērēts dzīves apstākļu uzlabošanas aktivitātēm, piemēram, veselībai un izglītībai, bet tā vietā lieli ieguldījumi tiek atvēlēti iepirkuma sistēmas izveidei.