Productivity and seed quality of rice (Oryza sativa L.) varieties under synthetic and organic production practices
2007
Valdez, R.E.
An experiment was conducted at PhilRice[Philippine Research Institute] Nueva Ecija [Philippines] (2005 WS[Wet Season]) to compare the performance of PhilRice - developed or maintained varieties (Dinorado Gold, PSB Rc82 and PSB Rc72H) under four pesticide-free production practices: synthetic(or chemical fertilizer), organic(composted poultry manure), biodynamic(biodynamic preparations) and control. Parameters measured included yield and other agronomic traits, eating quality, artificially-aged germination, soil quality and economics. Treatments were in factorial combination, laid out in split plot in Randomized Complete Block Design. Interaction between varieties and production practices were generally not significant. Varieties differed from each other in many parameters but more due to Dinorado. Crop performance also differed with production practices. Yield of Dinorado (tallest variety) was not assessed because of extensive lodging PSB Rc72H had 8 percent higher grain yield than PSB Rc82. PSB Rc72H also had higher number of productive tillers, shoot biomass, 1000-seed weight and harvest index. Grain yield of synthetic was 14 percent higher than organic. Dinorado indicated greater resistance to accelerated aging than the PSBs, organic (followed by biodynamic) than synthetic. Soil phosphorus increased after cropping only with biodynamic and organic practices. Root development was greatest for biodynamic and organic. Organic had greater net profit (16 percent) and return of investment (30 percent) than synthetic, biodynamic followed organic. Tungro, which affected Dinorado, was controlled by biodynamic preparation 508. The polished 7-month grains of the PSB's were more favored in eating quality than Dinorado. Organic tended to get high scores than synthetic. Overall, organic proved the best performer in the study.
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