Impact of the soil profile on the rainfall-runoff process
2006
Šanda, M.,České vysoké učení technické v Praze, (Czech Republic). Fakulta stavební. Katedra hydromeliorací a krajinného inženýrství, | Hrnčík, M. | Novák, L. | Císlerová, M.
The experimental watershed Uhlířská of the Černá Nisa River (1.87 square km) is subject to hydrological monitoring on the continual basis focused towards the processes of water balance in the soil profile. Watershed average altitude is 822 m. Watershed rainfall exceeds 1300 mm/year. Its average temperature is 6.5 degree C. The typical soil profile is highly heterogeneous, formed by 0.8 - 1.2 m of Cambisols based on the decayed and fractured granite bedrock. At the locality Tomšovka, the experimental hill slope transect has been instrumented. In the subsurface trench, subsurface outflow is monitored and soil water suction is scanned by tensiometers adjacent to the trench. During seven vegetation periods more than 25 significant runoff events has been recorded. They are caused by a rainfall of a different intensity and duration. Runoff behaviour is of a high variability in terms of soil suction, soil moisture or depth of water in the soil profile in the vicinity of the trench. Instant moisture in the soil profile depends on the history of filling of the pore space. Soil profile is mostly unsaturated, however close to the saturation resulting in the course of the subsurface outflow. Relations of groundwater table, soil moisture, subsurface runoff and the total outflow from the watershed are significant, showing that transformation of rainfall into runoff in the area where soils are shallow, based on decayed crystalline bedrock is controlled by water content or soil suction in the subsurface.
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