Breeding of mite-resistant honeybee by using nutritional crossbreed technology

صينى. 大蜂螨是中国饲养的西方蜜蜂最重要病虫害之一，多年来药物防治蜂螨，一方面蜜蜂对药物产生了很强的抗药性，另一方面治螨药物在一定程度上会污染蜂产品。本研究通过蜜蜂营养杂交，探讨培育抗螨蜂种的可行性。采用中华蜜蜂的蜂王浆饲喂意大利蜜蜂工蜂小幼虫，然后测定营养杂交后代工蜂形态指标、苹果酸脱氢酶Ⅱ的基因型频率和基因频率、蜂群遗传相似系数以及抗螨力。营养杂交子后代工蜂的吻长、右前翅面积、腹部第3+4背板总长、第4背板突间距、第6腹节面积、蜡镜面积6个指标与亲本工蜂之间存在显著差异，但肘脉指数、跗节指数和翅钩数与亲本差异不显著；营养杂交子后代工蜂的苹果酸脱氢酶Ⅱ基因型频率和基因频率存在一定的变异；营养杂交子后代之间遗传相似系数明显高于亲本意大利蜜蜂；营养杂交子后代的工蜂抗螨力显著高于亲本意大利蜜蜂。通过蜜蜂营养杂交，可以改变营养杂交后代工蜂形态、生理生化、分子遗传相似性及抗螨力等特性。蜜蜂营养杂交可成为蜜蜂育种一条新途径。

إنجليزي. Mite（Varroa destructor）is one of the most serious parasite threating the honey bee (Apis mellifera) reared in China. As drugs are used to control and kill the mite for many years, so the honey products may be contaminated and the mite is becoming drug-resistant. The main obiective of this study is to explore the possibility to rear the mite-resistant honeybee by the nutritional crossbreed. Breed the larvae (Apis mellifera ligustica) with the royal jelly of Apis carana carana, and then measure the morphological index of the worker generation, genotypic frequency and gene frequency of the MDHⅡ, genetic resemblance and mite resistance. Compared with the parent workers, the proboscis length, anterior wing area, the total length of 3rd and 4th dorsal plate of abdominal, the length of 4th dorsal plate tuberculum, the area of 6th abdominal segment, the area of wax mirrors are significantly different, but the differences of the brachium index, dactylus index and wing claw were not significant. And there are some mutation in the genotypic frequency and gene frequency of the MDHⅡ. The mite resistance of the nutritional crossbreed worker is significantly higher. The morphological, physical and biochemical character, genetic resemblance and the mite resistant ability of the worker generation can be changed by nutritional crossbreed. The nutritional crossbreed can be a new way to breed the honeybee.