Effects of the different plantation distances ( Between and in rows) in pistachio trees.

There are many pistachio orchards with trees different distance and trees intensity per hectars in Iran. There is,not appropriate distance and intensity for pistachio plantation in iran. This project was done for determining of the best plantation distance (between rows and tree in row) by two factors, A for rows distance and B for tree in rows distance in split plot as RCBD ( Randomize Complete Block Design) ,with three replications. Factor A used in 3 levels4, 6 and 8 meter and factor B in 4 levels1, 2, 3 and 4 meter. At bigining we produced seedlings in plastic pot, established the experimental orchard, budding and training the new pistachio trees, and then we measured annual and total growth rate in length and diameter,number of flower buds, fresh and dry weigth of yield,blanking,splitting and unsplit nut percentage,number of nuts per ounce(28.3 g) and tree height and canopy spread. Data analyzed by Mstatc program by combined in four years. Results showed that there are the highest vegetative growth in 4*3 meter in row and tree distancerespectively, and lowest were 8*4 meter and differences was non-significant. Maximum of diameter growth was in 4*4 meter and minimum in 8*4 meter in row and tree, respectively. Number of flower buds in different treatment had not significant effect. Rates of yield (fresh and dry) were not significantly in different treatment. Effects of row and tree distance showed maximum of yield are in lowest distanc (high density) and minimum of that are in highest distanc (low density) and differents were significant. Maximum of blanking nuts (seedlessness) produced in high density and the highest percentage of blanking rate was related to low row and tree distance and bilateral effects. Lower row distance produced the bigger nuts. The effects of row distance on nut splitting percentage was significant and the highest belongs to the lowest distance of rows. The effects of tree distance in this case was not significant. Totally, increasing of tree density caused the growth rate in lengh and diameter. Increasing of growth causes the trees size and that causes early productivity. High density caused increase in yield in early primary years.