Buffalo rearing condition in west Azarbaijan.

For more productivity of genetic resource, different information about them is essential. With respect to buffalo population distribution in West Azerbaijan province, this project was conducted in questionnaire form with cooperation of 290 buffalo breeder in 50 villages of 6 major buffalo rearing area. Results showed that the positive interest to develop (58.5%) may partly be due to the buffalo breeder&rsquos personal interesting, good quality of products and profitability but negative tendency (41.5%) may be due to high cost of buffalo maintenance, low amount of product and be elder of buffalo owner while 85 percent of breeder did not pass any education about buffalo production. Breeder soled their calves before (59.4%) and after (40.6 %) fattening. Average culling age of buffalo calves is 2.5±0.2 years old and most of breeder (83.9%) hasn&rsquot any marketing problem. Buffaloes were fed about 7 months (per year) with alfalfa، wheat and barley straw، bran، barley flour, sugar beet by-product and bakery by-product. Rations were formulated on the basies of self knowledge and experience (84.4 %) ، consulating with other farmer (2.5%), cooperative on with nutritionist expert (2.5 %), other and self knowledge (10%)، and 3.1% of breeder have no program for feeding of buffaloes. Forages were fed in forms of chopped (88%) complete (8.4%) and mix of two forms (3.6%). buffaloes were fed TMR (89%) and separate (11%). Weaning age of calves is 7±0.2 months and 95.2 per cent of breeder supplementary fed to calves after 65 days old. Buffaloes are inseminated by Owen herd sire (53.4%), sire of other herd (32.7%), artificial insemination (4.5%), and combination of artificial insemination with other herd sir (3.1%) and mix of them (6.1%). The mainly reasons of negative tendency to artificial insemination of buffalo are lack of appartior and difficulty of artificial insemination in buffalo. When buffaloes were inseminated by other herd sire (16.9%) breeder pay money. Most of time (67.3%) male buffalo reared within the herd in all time of year. Rate of calving in spring، summer، autumn and winter seasons were 57.2%، 11.3%، 12 % and 19.3 respectively. 89.8% of buffalo breeder declared that buffalo are more resistant to diseases than cow and feet and disease in last year.