Ecological strategy of fruit and berry crop protection
2008
Ryabchinskaya, T.A. | Kharchienko, G.L., All-Russia Research and Development Inst. of Plant Protection, Saint-Petersburg (Russian Federation)
The entomocoenosis of an orchard is able to keep the relative biological balance between its complexes of phytophages and entomophages. The biodiversity of the last ones is wider, polyphages and wide oligophages are dominate among them, therefore the mechanisms of regulation are rather soft. These processes can be activated due to ecologically safe plant protection using. For example, the parasites of apple leaf miner moth keep down the host population even at subthreshold number (10-20 millions per 100 leaves). Some microbiological preparations have shown their effect in plant protection especially against caterpillars. The preparations containing Bacillus thuringiensis have pronounced aftereffect at relatively weak start impact under conditions of high pest number (50-60%) and they can decrease the final number of pests on 95-99%. The method of adaptive immunity induction is popular in plant protection and it is realized by biofungicide and polyfunctional preparation treatments (Immunotsitofit, Akat-25K, Planriz and others). The treatments against apple scab and current American true mildew excitants have been effective in early spring and the acquired immunity has continued for 1.5-2 months. At the ecological system of plant protection the treatments can be hold only at the base of both pest and entomophages monitoring. The chemical treatments are to be let at the pest threshold number higher in 3-4 times and epiphytes danger. The ecological methods are used at less pest number. The use of the methods can decrease treatment costs in 1.5-1.9 times in compare with the chemical ones and it decrease the pesticide load on the phytocoenosis on 20-90%. The quality of the products increases on 15-20%
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