Analysis of embryogenic ability in isolated microspore culture of F1, F2, tetra crossed hybred and their parents in cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata) | 结球甘蓝F1、F2、双交种及其亲本的游离小孢子胚胎发生能力分析

صينى. 比较结球甘蓝F1、F2、双交种及其亲本小孢子胚胎的发生能力，为建立高效的结球甘蓝小孢子培养技术体系提供依据。分别用25份结球甘蓝F1及其50份亲本，产胚困难的22份结球甘蓝F1及其相应的F2，1份产胚能力强的结球甘蓝与22份产胚困难材料的正、反交杂交后代，在同等条件下进行小孢子培养，以比较其产胚情况。25份结球甘蓝F1有9份产生胚状体，其中“EF10”产胚能力最强，平均每蕾产胚10.45个，“QG80”和“QG78”次之，其余6份材料平均每蕾产胚不足1个；50份结球甘蓝亲本只有5份产胚，这5份材料分别是“EF10”、“QG80”的父、母本和“QG78”的母本。22份产胚困难的结球甘蓝F1有8份产生胚状体，其自交后代F2全部产生胚状体，其中4份F2代的胚产量较其F1有所提高；14份无产胚的结球甘蓝F1代材料，其F2代中有3份产生胚状体。用产胚能力强的“EF10”作亲本与8份产胚能力较弱的结球甘蓝材料杂交，16份正、反交双交种全部产生胚状体，胚产量介于两亲本之间，并明显高于产胚能力弱的亲本；用产胚能力强的“EF10”作亲本与14份无产胚的结球甘蓝材料杂交，28份正、反交双交种有4份产胚；比较相同亲本的正、反交双交种的胚产量可知，二者无明显差异。结球甘蓝F1较其亲本产胚能力强，不同F1胚胎发生能力不同；对产胚困难的结球甘蓝F1，以其F2为试材，可诱导产胚或提高胚产量；用产胚能力强的结球甘蓝作亲本与产胚困难的材料杂交，正、反交均能明显提高产胚困难材料的产胚能力。

إنجليزي. The study compared the microspore embryogenic ability of F1, F2, tetra-crossed hybrid and their parents in cabbage to provide evidence for building high efficient isolated microspore culture technique in cabbage. Using 25 portions of F1 and 50 portions of their parents, 22 portions of F1 which have poor embryogenic ability and their relevant F2, the orthogonal and reciprocal hybridization offspring between 1 portion of parents which have strong embryogenic ability and 22 portions of difficult embryogenic ability materials in cabbage as materials, isolated microspore culture was carried out in common condition to compare the microspore embryogenic ability. 9 portions of F1 can produce embryoids of 25 portions of F1 in cabbage, “EF10” has the strongest embryogenic ability which produces 10.45 embryoids in per bud on average, “QG80” and “QG78” take the second place, the last 6 portions produce less than 1 embryoid in per bud on average; Only 5 portions produce embryoids of 50 portions of parents in cabbage, which are the parents of “EF10”, “QG80” and the female parent of “QG78”. There are 8 portions producing embryoids of 22 portions of F1 which is difficult to produce embryoids in cabbage. All the self-pollinated progenies F2 can produce embryoids, in which 4 portions possess higher embryogenic ability than its F1; 3 portions of F2 produce embryoids, but 14 portions of F1 can not produce embryoids. Using strong embryogenic ability “EF10” hybrid with 8 portions weak embryogenic ability materials in cabbage, 16 portions of orthogonal and reciprocal hybridization offspring all produce embryoids, the number lies between their parents, and higher than weak embryogenic ability parents. Using strong embryogenic ability “EF10” hybrid with 14 portions of no embryogenic ability materials in cabbage, 4 portions of orthogonal and reciprocal hybridization offspring produce embryoids of 28 portions. Comparison of the embryoids yield of orthogonal and reciprocal hybridization offspring in the same parent have no significant difference. The microspore embryogenic ability of F1 in cabbage is stronger than that of their parents, and there are different microspore embryogenic ability in different F1; For some F1 in cabbage, which have difficulty produces embryoids using its F2 can induce the microspore embryogenic ability and yield; Crossing between strong embryogenic ability parents and weak embryogenic ability material in cabbage, no matter through the orthogonal and reciprocal hybridization, could all improve the embryogenic ability.