Diclofenac induced effects in goat

Diclofenac a common available veterinary drug, belongs to a chemical subgroup of NSAIDs used for treatment of a variety of rheumatoid disorders, including osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis and acute muscle pain. Beside its therapeutic effects some significant adverse effects are also associated with diclofenac in different species. This study was conducted to characterize the effect of diclofenac in goat specie. The diclofenac was administered I/M in six goats, in two phases with adequate wash out period of 21 days between each phase. In phase-1, diclofenac was administered in all animals with a dose of 2.5 mg/kg body weight, where as in phase-2 the drug was administered with a dose of 1 mg/kg body weight. Clinical parameters (Pulse, Respiration, rectal temperature and other clinical observation) were recorded at 30, 60, 90, 120, 150 and 180 minutes post injection. The hematological parameters (RBCs, Hb), WBCs, Granu locytes, Monocytes, Lympocytes and platelets count), were studied at 1,2,3,6,12,24,48,72 and 96 hours after administration of each dose of diclofenac sodium. ALT, AST, Alkaline Phosphatase, Creatinin, Uric acid, Total protein and Blood urea were studied as a biochemical parameters, at 1,2,3,6,12,24,48,72 and 96 hours after administration of each dose. The pulse rate, respiratory rate decreased. The decrease in pulse rate was significant (P less than 0.05) at 90 minutes post high dose of diclofenac. Respiratory rate was significantly decreased (P less than 0.05) at 90 and 120 minutes post high dose administration. Both the responses were persisted up to 120 minutes and 180 minutes respectively. At the high dose, diclofenac produces significant changes in hematological values. Red blood cells decreased significantly (P less than 0.05) at 12 hours post high dose administration. Similarly, hemoglobin level decreased significantly (P less than 0.05) at 6 and 12 hours post drug adm inistration. White blood cells count was increased significantly (P less than 0.05) at 6, 12 and 24 hours, whereas the lymphocytes cell count was increased significantly (P less than 0.05) at 12 and 24 hours post injection with high dose. A significant increase in monocytes, was observed (P less than 0.05) at 6,12,24 and 48 hours post diclofenac administration, conversely the granulocytes count was decreased significantly (P less than 0.05) at 6 and 12 hours post high dose administration. No significant changes were observed at low dose of diclofenac. Biochemical changes were also significant that reflects the effects on liver and kidney organs. ALT was significantly affected with both the doses of diclofenac sodium. Significant (P less than 0.05) increase in ALT was observed at 2,3,6 and 48 hours with 2.5 mg/kg (b.w) of diclofenac sodium. High significant (P less than 0.01) increase in ALT level occurred at 12 and 24 hours with the dose of 2.5 mg/kg (b.w) of diclofenac sodiu m. On the other hand significant (P less than 0.05) increase in ALT observed only at 12 hours with 1 mg/kg (b.w) of diclofenac sodium. Similarly, the increases in AST level were significant (P less than 0.05) at 3, 6 and 48 hours with 2.5 mg/kg (b.w) of diclofenac sodium. Maximum increase (P less than 0.01) in AST level occurred at 12 and 24 hours with the dose of 2.5 mg/kg (b.w) of diclofenac sodium. On the other hand, significant (P less than 0.05) increase in AST level observed at 12 hours with 1 mg/kg (b.w) of diclofenac sodium. Alkaline phosphatase was significantly affected with the administration of diclofenac sodium. Significant (P less than 0.05) increase in alkaline phosphatase was observed at the time of 3 hours with 2.5 mg/kg (b.w) of diclofenac sodium. The significant level of alkaline phosphatase was high (P less than 0.01) at 6, 12, 24 and 48 hours with 2.5 mg/kg (b.w) of diclofenac sodium. On the other hand, with 1 mg/kg dose of diclofenac, a significant (P le ss than 0.05) increase in alkaline phosphatase observed at 24 hours. Intramuscular administration of high dose of diclofenac sodium exhibited significant increase (P less than 0.05) in serum Creatinine at 12, 24, 48 and 72 hours. Similarly, significant (P less than 0.05) increase in uric acid was observed at 12, 24, and 48 hours with 2.5 mg/kg (b.w) of diclofenac sodium. The blood urea was also significantly affected with diclofenac sodium. A significant increase in blood urea was observed at 6 hours (P less than 0.05) and at 12, 24 and 48 hours (P less than 0.01) with high dose of the drug. On the other hand at the dose of 1 mg/kg (b.w), a significant (P less than 0.05) increase was observed only at 48 hours. Conversely no significant change occurred in total protein. It was concluded that It was concluded that Diclofenac produces significant effect on various systems of the body in goat, but these effects did not lasted longer. Alterations in studied parameters were dose de pendent and mostly occurred with high dose of diclofenac. Diclofenac sodium impairs the hepatic and renal function of goat, but liver and renal function test abnormalities/changes generally settle within 72 hours of the stoppage of the drug. Hematologic parameters are altered with the high dose of the drug but again they are drug related, as all the values returned to normal once the drug is cleared off from the body.