Sunflower biomass distribution and seed yield in saline soil of Mexico highlands
2010
Escalante- Estrada, J.A., Colegio de Postgraduados, Montecello (Mexico). Campus Montecillo, Postgrado en Botanica | Rodriguez- Gonzales, M.T., Colegio de Postgraduados, Montecello (Mexico). Campus Montecillo, Postgrado en Botanica
The aim of this study was to evaluate biomass production and partition in the organs of sunflower under a gradient of salinity in the soil. The Victoria sunflower was sown on 15 June 2007 at a density of 100,000 plants/ha in Montecillo Mex. The area has an arid climate, an annual rainfall of 558.5 mm, and an average temperature of 14,6 deg C. Based on soil analysis, three areas were used as the treatments, each having 4 replicates. These were: high salinity (EC 11 dS/m, HS), medium salinity (EC 7 dS/m, MS), and low salinity (EC 5 dS/m, LS). Crop emergence occurred eight days after sowing (DAS), anthesis (R5) 80 DAS, and physiological maturity (R9) 130 DAS. Dry matter accumulation (%) in plant organs, total biomass, yield and survival all decreased with increasing salinity, whereas DM distribution did not. The highest biomass, yield and survival were found in the LS treatment, while the lowest values of these parameters were recorded in the area with HS, respectively. The greatest dry matter accumulation was observed in the stem, followed by the receptacle, seeds and leaves. The harvest index and the filled capitulum index were not affected by salinity. In conclusion, biomass accumulation, yield and survival of sunflwer decreased with increasing soil salinity. The phenology and biomass distribution in the plant organs were not affected by salinity.
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