[Foundations of orchards as resource of raw materials on the base of genetic potential of fruit crops]

Researches are hold in the Orel Region in 1994-2008. A technological estimation of new and zoned varieties of apple, cherry, blackcurrant (BC) and redcurrant (RC) is done according requirements for receiving different canned products: juice, stewed fruit, preserve, jam, jelly. A hundred and five apple varieties, 65 cherry varieties and 37 selected seedlings, 63 BC varieties and 18 selected seedlings, 36 RC varieties and 30 selected seedlings are studied; 3286 immune and high resistant to scab apple seedlings of 28 hybrid families are also done. The last are received by stepped breeding during selection for juice production. The follow varieties are used as control ones: apple varieties Antonovka Obyknovennaya, Korichnoje Polosatoje; cherry one Lyubskaya; BC one Minaj Shmyrev; RC one Holland Red. Majority of the new varieties exceed the control ones by their chemical and technological parameters (CTP) except only by ascorbic acid content that is not a limit technological parameter for processing. The follow apple varieties are marked out for juice production by their CTP: Orlovskoje Polesije, Rozhdestvenskoje, Pamyati Khitrova, Spasskoje, Bolotovskoje, Radost Nadezhdy, Kurnakovskoje, Orlovskij Pioner, Sokovinka, Yubilyar characterizing by a high juice level of 70-79% and a juice degustation mark of 4.3 – 4.5 points (5-point scale).The follow cherry varieties are notable by a good level of CTP: Antratsitovaya, Agatovaya, Dolgozhdannaya, Lyubskaya, Molodezhnaya, Studencheskaya, Nizkoroslaya, Shokoladnitsa. The follow RC varieties are done: Vika, Orlovchanka, Bayana, Valentinovka, Roza, Orlovskaya Zvezda, Holland Red. No BC varieties are found to combine the main CTP at the optimal ratio. Technological requirements are developed for RC varieties aimed to be processed: soluble dry matter content is no less than 11%, total sugar content is 5-7% and more, acid amount no more than 2.5%, ascorbic acid content is no less than 60 mg/100 gram. Authentic correlations between some fruit characters and a total degustation evaluation of a product are absent. High resistant and immune apple varieties Bolotovskoje, Kurnakovskoje, Yubilyar, Pamyati Khitrova, Orlovskoje Polesje, Sokovinka are characterized by a juice output at the level of world cider varieties (70% and more). The follow varieties are recommended for growing to become raw materials which have a high level of CTP and adaptivity: apple ones Orlovim, Zaryanka, Orlovskij Pioner, Solnishko, Kandil Orlovskij, Bolotovskoje, Kurnakovskoje, Pamyati Khitrova, Yubilyar, Spasskoje, Radost Nadezhdi, Avgusta, Sokovinka; cherry ones Antratsitovaya, Podarok Uchitelyam, Gurtievka, Novella, Shokoladnitsa, Stojkaya, Mtsenskaya; BC ones Ekzotika, Zusha, Kipiana, Orlovskaya Serenada, Chernaya Vual, Ladushka, Iskushenie, Blackstone, Zaglyadenie; RC ones Vika, Niva, Roza, Bayana, Valentinovka, Asya, Orlovskaya Zvezda, Osipovskaya.