Emissions of heavy metals from manure in Austria | Schwermetallemissionen ueber Wirtschaftdünger in Österreich
2010
Kickinger, T., Wien (Austria). Österreichische Agentur für Gesundheit und Ernährungssicherheit GmbH. Institut für Futtermittel. | Würzner, H. | Windisch, W.
A survey of 327 dung samples from Austrian livestock was analyzed for Zn and Cu. Dung dry matter (DM) from pigs, cattle and poultry averaged 1171, 237, and 430 mg Zn/kg, and 332, 54, and 99 mg Cu/kg. These data seem to reflect feeding of Zn and Cu to agricultural livestock according to best practice except for pigs, where high dung Zn contents suggest use of excessive dietary Zn. As a follow-up study, Zn and Cu was assessed in feed and manure from 27 Austrian pig fattening farms (6 using commercial compound feed only (CCF), 21 using farm-made feed mixtures (FFM)). Within FFM-farms, several records indicated use of dietary Zn and Cu excess apart from feed law (data excluded from further evaluation). Zn and Cu in feeds (88 % DM) from CCF-farms averaged 104 and 20 mg/kg, while FFM-farms showed 129 and 25 mg/kg. Corresponding manure contents (mg/kg DM) were 522 and 105 (CCF-farms), and 695 and 154 (FFM-farms). In CCF-farms, efflux of Zn and Cu into manure was highly correlated to influx via feed (Zn: r =0.97; Cu: R =0.98) which excludes quantitatively relevant entries of Zn and Cu into manure other than feed. Furthermore, proven abdication from dietary excess produced significantly lower Zn and Cu in pig dung than previously reported. In total, feeding Zn and Cu to agricultural livestock seems to be environmentally compatible as long as excessive doses are avoided and supplementation is matched to physiological requirements as essential trace minerals.
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