Relationship between differential gene expression patterns and heterosis in soybean (Glycine max) leaves at seedling stage | 大豆杂交种及其亲本苗期叶片基因差异表达与杂种优势的关系

صينى. 通过基因差异表达分析揭示大豆杂种优势产生的原因，为探明大豆杂种优势的分子机理提供理论基础。采用4×5 NCⅡ设计，配制20个大豆杂交种，以大豆苗期叶片为试验材料，应用 mRNA 差异显示技术，分析杂交种及亲本之间的基因差异表达模式，并分析其与杂种优势的相关性。大豆杂交种和亲本之间存在着明显的基因差异表达，差异表达模式可分为单亲表达一致一型（110型）、单亲表达一致二型（011型）、双亲共沉默型（101型）、单亲表达沉默一型（100型）、单亲表达沉默二型（001型）和杂种特异表达类型（010型）6种，其中单亲表达一致一型所占比例最高（13.25%）。差异表达模式与杂种表现的相关分析结果显示，百粒质量与011型呈显著负相关，与101型呈显著正相关；节数、脂肪含量与100型呈显著正相关；差异表达模式与中亲优势（MPH）的相关分析结果显示，分枝数、单株荚数、单株粒数的MPH与110型呈显著负相关，单株粒质量的MPH与110型呈极显著负相关；差异表达模式与超亲优势（BPH）的相关分析结果显示，单株荚数的BPH与110型呈显著负相关，单株粒数和单株粒质量的BPH与110型、虫食粒率的BPH与101型均呈极显著负相关。大豆基因差异表达与杂种优势的形成存在一定程度的相关性。

إنجليزي. This study was done to reveal the causes of heterosis from differential gene expression to provide the theoretical basis of heterosis. The patterns of differential gene expression in the leaves at seedling stage of soybean between hybrids and their parents in a 4×5 NCⅡ design were analyzed by using mRNA differential display assay. The correlation was also analyzed between the patterns of differential gene expression and heterosis. Six patterns were found different between hybrids and their parents:bands present in the female parent and the F1, but absent in the male parent (110); bands present in the male parent and the F1, but absent in the female parent(011); bands present in both parents but absent in the F1 (101), bands only present in the female parent (100), bands only present in the male parent (001), and bands only present in the F1 (010). The correlations between the patterns and hybrids performance were analyzed. Among them, the 100-seed weight was negatively correlated with the 011 pattern and positively correlated with 101 pattern. The No. of nodes per stem, oil content was positively correlated with the 100 pattern. 4 correlations between the patterns and the MPH achieved significant or extremely significant level in the correlation analysis. Among them, the number of branches per plant, the number of pods per plant, and the number of seeds per plant were negatively correlated with the 110 pattern. Significantly, the yield per plant was negatively correlated with the 110 pattern. 4 correlations between the patterns and the BPH achieved significant or extremely significant level in the correlation analysis. Among them, the number of pods per plant was negatively correlated with the 110 pattern. Significantly, the number of seeds per plant and the yield per plant were negatively correlated with the 110 pattern; Significantly, the rate of insect food was negatively correlated with the 101 pattern. There is a correlation between the differential gene expression patterns and the formation of heterosis in soybean.