Design of weather-based indemnity indices for paddy rice heavy rain damage insurance | 水稻暴雨灾害保险气象理赔指数设计

صينى. 【目的】设计水稻暴雨灾害保险气象理赔指数,为开展水稻政策性农业保险提供技术支撑。【方法】根据水稻遭受暴雨灾害造成的减产率与气象因子、下垫面条件的关系,建立单季稻暴雨灾害减产率模型, 利用GIS技术将减产率确定到各种复杂地形下,综合区域产量指数保险和气象指数保险的优点,设计精细化到自然村或村民小组一级的水稻暴雨灾害保险气象理赔指数。【结果】确定了以自然村或村民小组为基本区域的水稻暴雨灾害保险气象理赔指数。不同的典型降雨过程和0716号强台风“罗莎”影响过程资料对单季稻暴雨灾害减产率模型的模拟结果表明,该模型能有效地模拟复杂地形下单季稻遭受暴雨灾害减产率分布, 能提供可信度高的单季稻暴雨灾害灾损评估。当模型计算的水稻减产率≤30%时,理赔指数为0,赔付率为0;水稻减产率大于30%时,理赔指数等于水稻减产率,赔付率为水稻减产率。【结论】单季稻暴雨灾害减产率模型能根据降水量、风力计算浙江省杭州市余杭区各自然村单季稻遭受暴雨灾害的减产率,在此基础上结合区域产量和气象指数优点设计的气象理赔指数,在一定程度上有助于降低目前中国传统农业保险中存在的弊病。

إنجليزي. 【Objective】 The objective of this research was to design weather-based indemnity indices for paddy rice heavy rain damage insurance and to provide technology for policy-guided agricultural insurance. 【Method】 Based on the relationship between yield loss rate of paddy rice caused by heavy rain and meteorology factors and land surface factors, a model of yield loss rate of paddy rice caused by heavy rain was established. With the GIS technology, yield loss rate in a variety of complex terrain was determined. Weather-based indemnity indices for paddy rice heavy rain damage insurance was designed based on the advantage of area yield crop insurance and weather index insurance which refined to a village and a group of villagers level. 【Result】Weather-based indemnity indices for paddy rice heavy rain damage insurance was defined for a village and a group of villagers. With the data, including processes of different typical rainfall and Krosa typhoon (No.0716), the model of single-cropping rice yield loss rate caused by heavy rain was estibalished. The results showed that this model was valid to simulate the distribution of yield loss rate of single-cropping rice sufferring the heavy rian disaster in complicated terrain and could supply a highly believable standard evaluation about the heavy rain disaster loss of single cropping rice. When the yield loss rate of a single-cropping rice with the model was not bigger than 30%, both the index of indemnity and the indemnity ratio were zero. However, as the yield loss rate was bigger than 30%, both the index of indemnity and the indemnity ratio were equal to the yield loss rate. 【Conclusion】 Based on the precipitation and wind speed, the model of single-cropping rice yield loss rate caused by heavy rain could calculated the yield loss rate of single-cropping rice sufferring the heavy rian disaster in the villages of Yuhang. The weather-based indemnity indices was designed in combination with the advantages of area yield crop insurance and weather index insurance. To some extent, it was helpful to eliminate the malady of traditional agricultural insurance at present in China.