Field evaluation of selected cocoa clones for resistance to VSD and black pod disease
2006
Ahmad Kamil M.J. | Mohd Yusoff A.S. | Nik Aziz, N.M. | Ahmad, I. | Norizan, Y. | Yahya, M.N. (eds.), Malaysian Cocoa Board
Ten selected clones were evaluated for Vascular Streak Dieback (VSD) and Black Pod resistance at Jengka, Pahang. This area was reported to have high inoculum for both diseases and there was a serious outbreak of VSD in 2003. Results showed that clones namely DESA 1, C 57, QH 22, QH 1003, and PBC 123 were significantly resistant to VSD when compared to the other clones. The clone, BAL 244 show moderately resistance to VSD. In contrast, the mean percentage for black pod disease infestation among the 10 clones is low ( 5 %). Most of the clones showed the levels of infestation below 2.5 %. Among the clones, DESA 1, BAL 244 and C57 only showed slightly higher infestation compared to the other clones. All the clones evaluated still showed that they were potentially resistant to black pod disease. Analysis of the pod from 10 selected clones showed that all the clones produced more than 1-gram bean size. Clone QH 1003 showed the highest bean size with 1.23 gram followed by clones JS 1, DESA 1, PBC 123, BAL 244, C 57, KKM 22, BR 25, QH 22, and DESA 2 with bean sizes 1.19 g, 1.12 g, 1.10 g, 1.10 g, 1.09 g, 1.08 g, 1.02 g, 1.01 g and 1.0 g respectively. KKM 22 showed the highest butter content with a value of 56.3 %, followed by clones PBC 123, QH 22, C 57, BAL 244, JS 1, QH 1003, BR 25, DESA 2 and DESA 1 with 55.9%, 55.8%, 55.7%, 54.4%, 55.4%, 53.7%, 52.9% 52.2%, and 50.4% respectively. In conclusion, result clearly indicated that all 10 selected clones are useful for the cocoa growers to make an economic and management decisions. The study also showed that disease severity on mature cocoa could be regulated successfully through pruning system and good agronomic practices.
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