Sensitivity of Sclerotinia sclerotiorium to 10 fungicides and controlling effect of different medicaments to the rape Sclerotinia stem rot in field | 油菜菌核病菌对10种杀菌剂的敏感性及不同药剂田间防效

صينى. 比较陕西油菜菌核病菌（Sclerotinia sclerotiorium）对10种杀菌剂的敏感性以及不同杀菌剂田间防效，为油菜菌核病的化学防治提供依据。采用FAO推荐的菌落直径法，在室内测定油菜菌核病菌对10种杀菌剂的敏感性；并根据室内敏感性测定结果，选择对油菜菌核病菌敏感性强的7种药剂的商品制剂进行田间药效试验。陕西汉中地区的油菜菌核病菌对咪酰胺、腐霉利、异菌脲、多菌灵、甲基托布津、戊唑醇及菌核净的敏感性较强，其抑制中浓度（EC50）为0.073 3～0.409 0 μg/mL，其次为乙霉威与丙环唑，其EC50分别为0.679 1和2.236 7 μg/mL，对上述9种药剂均表现为高度敏感；对百菌清中度敏感，其EC50为12.915 1 μg/mL。田间药效试验结果表明，7种药剂对油菜菌核病均有显著防效，其中以50%速克灵WP 750 g/hm2的防效最高，达到85.9%；其次为80%甲基托布津WP 1 125 g/hm2、50%多菌灵WP 2 250 g/hm2及43%戊唑醇SC 375 g/hm2，其防效分别达到77.3%，75.2%和68.6%；25%咪酰胺EC 562.5 g/hm2与50%异菌脲WP 750 g/hm2防效相当，分别为60.3%和56.2%；而以40%菌核净WP 1 875 g/hm2的防效最低（45.7%）。田间产量调查结果显示，50%速克灵(腐霉利)WP的保产率与效益均最高，分别达到19.5%和1 850.8元/hm2；其次为80%甲基托布津WP（17.6%）、50%多菌灵WP（17.1%）和43%戊唑醇SC（15.8%），保产效益达到1 479.2～1 719.4元/hm2；40%菌核净WP的保产率（10.3%）和保产效益（913.9元/hm2）最低。综合10种杀菌剂的敏感性、田间药效和保产效益结果认为，腐霉利、多菌灵、甲基托布津、戊唑醇、咪酰胺、异菌脲和菌核净均可作为陕西目前及今后油菜菌核病的有效防治药剂，且以前4种杀菌剂的效果较为理想。

إنجليزي. The study was done in order to be clear about the sensitivity of Sclerotinia sclerotiorium to 10 fungicides as well as preventing and controlling effect of the different fungicides in the field, to provide scientific basis for the rape Sclerotinia stem rot chemistry controlling in field in Shaanxi. The FAO recommendation the colony diameter law was used to determine the sensitivity of the rape S．sclerotiorium in the room to 10 fungicides; According to the sensitive determination result, the rape S．sclerotiorium sensitivity strong medicament was carried on the field to guard against the effect experiment. Among the ten tested fungicides, Prochloraz, Procymidone, Iprodione, Carbendazim, Thiophanate-methyl, Tebuconazole and N-3, 5-dichloropheny lsuccinimide have strong toxicity to S. sclerotiorum, their EC50 between 0.073 3 and 0.409 0 μg/mL. Diethofencarb and Prochloraz are in the second place, their EC50 0.679 1 and 2.236 7 μg/mL. 9 medicaments, showing high sensitivity; But Chlorothalonil is the last one, its EC50 12.915 1 μg/mL, moderate sensitive. According to the laboratory experiment result, 7 fungicides strongly sensitive are chosen to carry on the field drug efficacy test result, all of them have obvious guard against the effect on the rape Sclerotinia stem rot, in which the Procymidone 50% WP 750 g/hm2 controlling effect is the best, achieving 85.9%; Next is Thiophanate-methyl 80% WP 1 125 g/hm2, Carbendazim 50% WP 2 250 g/hm2 and Procymidone 43% SC 375 g/hm2 are also good, and the control effect respectively is 77.3%, 75.2% and 68.6%. Prochloraz 25% EC 562.5 g/hm2 and Iprodione 50% WP 750 g/hm2 guarding against the effect is 60.3% and 56.2% respectively; N-3, 5-dichloropheny lsuccinimide 40% WP 1 875 g/hm2 guards against effect 45.7% is the worst, but reaches the extremely remarkable level with contrastive difference. 7 fungicides field output investigation result shows the benefit of Procymidone 50% WP is the best, respectively achieving 19.5% and 1 850.8 yuan/hm2; Next is Thiophanate-methyl 80% WP (17.6%), Carbendazim 50% WP (17.1%) and Tebuconazole 43% SC(15.8%), the benefit is 1 479.2-1 719.4 yuan/hm2. The guaranteed effect (10.3%) and benefit (913.9 yuan/hm2) of N-3, 5-dichloropheny lsuccinimide 40% WP is the lowest. According to the sensitive determinations and the field controlling effect as well as guaranted benefit analysis, Prochloraz, Procymidone, Iprodione, Carbendazim, Thiophanate- methyl, Tebuconazole and N-3, 5-dichloropheny lsuccinimide may be taken for effective preventing and controlling medicaments, but the effect of the former 4 medicaments will be ideal.