Development of cultivation technology for double cropping rice along the changjiang river valley | 长江流域双季稻栽培技术发展

صينى. 综述长江流域双季稻栽培技术的沿革和变更,为发展双季稻生产提供参考。根据区域内双季稻品种由单季稻改双季稻,由高秆稻改矮秆稻,由常规稻改杂交稻,由普通稻改超级稻的4次变革,总结和分析栽培技术的发展。随着品种的变更,双季稻栽培技术经历了多穗型栽培、穗粒兼顾型栽培和重穗型栽培3个发展阶段。重点介绍了早稻少耕分厢撒播技术、杂交晚稻“双两大”栽培技术、双季稻起垄栽培技术、早稻旱育稀植栽培技术、双季稻“旺壮重”栽培技术、双季稻抛秧栽培技术、双季超级稻“三定”栽培技术的原理、要点及适应范围。指出双季稻生产将向化肥化、轻型化和机械化发展变化,并提出了发展双季稻生产的建议。

إنجليزي. The evolution and modification of 60 years’ double cropping rice (DCR) production along the Changjiang River valley were studied in order to provide references to developing DCR production. According to the rice production achievements of four stages of cultivar modifications from single season rice to DCR, from tall rice to dwarf rice, from inbred rice to hybrid rice and from common rice to super rice, the development of cultivation technology for DCR is summarized. With the cultivar improvement, DCR cultivation has undergone three stages of cultivation technique development: panicle number model, panicle number and size model and panicle weight model. The principle, key technology and adaptation regions of some representative techniques for DCR cultivation is introduced in brief, of which the techniques are: the seed broadcasting and reduced tillage in early season,; the “Shuang-Liang-Da” (two times of raising nursery) cultivation in late season; the ridging-bed cultivation in double seasons; the no-irrigation nursery and thinner planting in early season; the “Vigor roots-Sturdy stems-Weighty panicles” cultivation in double seasons; the seedling broadcasting in double seasons; and the “San-Ding” (to determine target yield, seedlings number and nitrogen rate) cultivation in double seasons. The development tendency of DCR production will be appearred as the chemical fertilizer characteristics, the simplifying and labor saving and mechanization. The suggestion to develop DCR production is also proposed.