Entomopathogenic nematodes - science, technology and field outreach for biological control of cardamom root grub
2011
Varadarasan, S. | Hafitha, N.M. | Sithara, L. | Balamurugan, R. | Chandrasekar, S.S. | Ansar Ali, M.A. | Thomas, J.
Small cardamom (Elettaria cardamomum Maton) is cultivated under forest ecosystem. The soil habitat, which holds moisture even in summer months, is an ideal niche for entomopathogenic nematodes (EPN) to survive, sustain and multiply on insect larvae. Local isolate of EPN collected from cardamom niche as well as exotic strain from the Project Directorate of Biological Control, Bangalore were bioassayed on cardamom root grub (a major pest damaging the root system). Based on mortality, prog- eny production and Lc 50 studies, a local strain, Heterorhabditis indica (ICRI EPN-18) was found to be highly virulent. The EPN strain was multiplied in Galleria larvae and field experiments were conducted with EPN on root grub in comparison with stand- ard (insecticide treatment) and absolute control resulting with significant control of root grub with EPN. Trials in farmers' plots indicated that root grub reduction ranged from 71.43 to 93.38 % in EPN treated plot whereas there was increase or reduction of grub from about 6.69 to 18.39 % in control plots. The EPN application methods viz., (a) EPN infected cadaver to be implanted at plant base @ 4 cadavers/plant (b) talc formulation to be mixed with compost and applied at plat base and (c) liquid suspension to be applied at plant base were also standardized. Among the formulations, cadaver application registered higher percentage of grub reduction in more number of fields. To outreach the technology among farmers, demonstration trials were conducted in farmers plot with EPN in comparison with standard check and absolute control with root grub reduction ranging from 72 to 99.6 % in EPN treated plot.
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