Forest communities and vegetation maps of baneh in kurdestan provience

Baneh broadleaves decideous forests are located in Kurdestan province (West & Iran). About %90 of these forests occupied by the Quercus species, such as: Quercus perisca Jaub. et, Spach. Q. infectoria Olivo Q. libani Olivo Therefore the one could be considered as Quercus forest. Other consititute genus are: Pyrus, Crataegus) Amygdalus , Prunus,Cotoneaster, Daphne ..... In recent decades a yast areas :of Iranian western forests has been reduced as a result of high rate of population growth non scientific expLoitation, over population of livestock and dispersion of villages within these areas of these forests not only has destroyed the large area of consequently, as a result of this destruction in quantity and quality these forests. the retrogressive ecological succession has been occured. The metedology in this study were physionomic. (Kutchler) and Floristic (Brown blanquet) difinate plant communities and density percentage, with emphasis following points. 1. Determination of the most important forest communities and their distribution. 2.Area and border of these forests. 3.Estimination of percentage of forest density. Therefore the forest topographical maps (1.50000., 1.250000) has been used for field sutdies determination of. minimum area of sampling 2 section, which has been found about 400 m2 (Square meter). The result of field sutdies and analysis of samplings has shown: From 132000 hectares, %78 covered the forests and range¬lands %22 could be considered as agricultural land, villages and rocky lands. In %66.2 of (87400 hectares) of forests six wommunities could be distinguished: 1.Quercus libani 2.Q. peraica 3.Q. infectoria + Q. persica 4.Q. infectoria + Q. libani 5.Q. persica + Q. libani 6.Q. persiea + Pistacia + Acer The largest area, belongs to Quercus infectoria + Q. persica and the least one covers by Q. persica communities however in all altitudes and orientations soils the Q. peraica have the high frequency, without any restriction. Regarding the forest density %39 are sparse .forests. %48 open and %13 are them destroied forests. In general all of the forests have been destroied and only %61 could be considered are open and destroied. The rangelands areas covers %11.4 of (15455 hectares). and most of them observed in the high a Lt i tude c.wi.th species from family such as: Leguminosae, Gtaminae, Umbeliferae, Agricultural land are in the plain , around the village covering %22 (29045 hectares). of above mention of area.