Identification and registration of commercial apples by morphological characteristics.

In order to registre 10 native apple cultivars and promising genotypes including 8 commercial cultivated cutivars: Mashade- Nouri, Sheikh Ahmad, Golab-e Kohanz, Golab-e Isfahan, Nayan-e Aranghe, Soltani Shabestar, Mashad, Heidar zadeh and 2 new under releasing genotypes (Koli-e Mahallat (ESCRT) and Komputi (EUPRT) were studied in Karaj climatic conditions. Morphological, pomological and phenological traits were evaluated based on UPOV National Guideline for the Conduct of tests for distinctness, uniformity and stability of apple om mature 17 years old trees frafted on seed rootstocks. Totally 57 traits were investigated using 10 samples from leafs, flowers, fruits, annual branches collected from the trees of all 10 under registration cultivars together with bloom and ripening phenology. The results showed that the traits of vigor and leaf marginal dentation for 'Mashad Nouri'; growth habit, bearing habit, flesh color, russetting stalk depth, eye width, leaf length and green intensity for 'Kompouti'; growth habit, fruit shape, fruit length, fruit ribs, strip width, flesh firmness and ripening time for Sheikh Ahmad; cortex color of one-year shoot, balloon stage color of flower, position of anthers to stigma, fruit shape, over color intensity of fruit, eye width and ripening time for 'Mashad'; fruit ribs, sepal length and eye width for 'Nayan-e Aranghe'; stalk length and leaf angle to shoot in 'Golab-e Isfahan'; leaf anthocyanins from the base and balloon stage color of flower for 'Soltani-e Shabestar'; ground color for 'Heidar zadeh'; width of stalk cavity for 'Koli-e Mahallat'; bloom beginning for Golab Kohanz' are exclusively distinct factors. Cluster analyzes was used for grouping qualitative traits and all traits were compared by reciprocal comparisons of all cultivars. Similarity indices of Jaccard show that new releasing cultivars, Koli-e Mahallat (ESCRT) and Komputi (EUPRT), are two chance seedlings that presented the least similarity indices of 0.125 and 0.059 with Sultani Shabestar whose origin backs to Shabestar located in Azarbayjan shaeghi province near Turkey border. It means that insertion of ESCRT, EUPRT and Nayan Aranghe in Alborz province (center of Iran), in opposte extrems of dendrogram obtained from cluster analyzes, may have the same origin. Exclusive traits were grouped for all cultivars and in consequence the evaluated cultivars were registered by using these characteristics and statistical analyzes.