[Organic plant production and plant diseases control] | Organska biljna proizvodnja i kontrola biljnih bolesti
2011
Bulajić, A.R., Poljoprivredni fakultet, Beograd - Zemun (Serbia)
All around the world, consumers are demanding for organically grown products produced using no or strictly controlled number of chemicals. Basically, organic agriculture is the oldest form of agriculture on earth. Farming without the use of petroleum-based chemicals (fertilizers and pesticides) was the sole option for farmers until post-World War 2nd. The war brought with it technologies that were useful for agricultural production, like ammonium nitrate, which was used for munitions during WW II and evolved into ammonium nitrate fertilizer; or organophosphate nerve gas production that led to the development of powerful insecticides. These technical advances since WW II have resulted in significant economic benefits as well as environmental and social detriments. Organic agriculture seeks to utilize those advances that consistently yield benefits (new varieties of crops, precision agricultural technologies; more efficient machinery) while discarding those methods that have led to negative impacts on society and the environment, such as pesticide pollution and plant pest resistance. Instead of using synthetic fertilizers and pesticides, organic farmers utilize crop rotations, cover crops, and natural-based products to maintain or enhance soil fertility and plant health. These farmers rely on biological, cultural and physical methods to limit pest expansion and increase populations of beneficial organisms on their farm.
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