The human face of the urban environment : proceedings of the second annual World Bank Conference on environmentally sustainable development
Serageldin, Ismail | Cohen, Michael A. | Sivaramakrishnan, K.C. [editors]
The second annual World Bank conference on Environmentally Sustainable Development (ESD) was convened by the World Bank in September 1994 to focus on the "Human Face of the Urban Environment." Though about half of the world's population lives in cities, earlier conferences, such as the Rio summit, did not focus on the urgent problems facing people who live in urban environments. The objective of this second conference was to focus global and national attention on the issue of sustainable urban growth. The main messages from this conference emerged as follows: 1) urban environmental issues transcend jurisdictional and sectoral boundaries and must be confronted in an integrated and coordinated manner, requiring new institutional arrangements, different patterns of consumption, and new approaches to waste management; 2) involvement of all stakeholders is vital to good environmental governance; and 3) special attention must be paid to the needs of the urban poor, who often bear the brunt of environmental problems. These issues identified, the conference examined the urban environmental issues of air and water pollution, solid and hazardous waste management, sanitation, land resources, health and poverty.
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